The role of universities in Smart Specialisation John

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The role of universities in Smart Specialisation John Edwards JRC IPTS - S 3

The role of universities in Smart Specialisation John Edwards JRC IPTS - S 3 Platform Berlin, 27 November 2013

Context of 2014 -2020 funding cycle • Europe's challenges: • Lack of economic growth

Context of 2014 -2020 funding cycle • Europe's challenges: • Lack of economic growth following economic and financial crisis • Increasing imbalances across the continent (and within many countries) • High social costs of austerity and declining public confidence • Increased competition from other parts of the world

Context of 2014 -2020 funding cycle • Europe's responses: • Sound public finances •

Context of 2014 -2020 funding cycle • Europe's responses: • Sound public finances • Structural reforms – restoring competitiveness (e. g. more flexible labour markets, completing of the single market) • Smart consolidation – protect pro-growth budgets • Innovation to compete globally and tackle social and environmental challenges (Europe 2020)

Investment in R&D is part of the solution to exit from the economic crises

Investment in R&D is part of the solution to exit from the economic crises

Is there a link between innovation and regional growth? “The general consensus…is that the

Is there a link between innovation and regional growth? “The general consensus…is that the driving force behind long-term economic growth is science, technology and innovation in its different forms and facets” (OECD 2011: Regions and Innovation Policy) Source: Mikel Navarro et al, Basque Competitiveness Institute 2010. "Until the 1980 s, technology and innovation were under recognised influences in the explanation of differences in the rates of economic growth between regions in advanced industrial nations. . . " (Townroe)

Innovation Union for Europe • One of seven flagship initiatives of Europe 2020 •

Innovation Union for Europe • One of seven flagship initiatives of Europe 2020 • Aim is to create the best conditions ('ecosystem') for researchers and entrepreneurs to innovate • A broad approach to innovation (not just high tech, also product, service, social, public sector, eco) • 34 commitments – 24 & 25 concern structural funds and smart specialisation

"Smart Specialisation is a strategic approach to economic development through targeted support to Research

"Smart Specialisation is a strategic approach to economic development through targeted support to Research and Innovation" What is Smart Specialisation ? = evidence-based: all assets = no top-down decision, but dynamic/entrepreneurial discovery process inv. key stakeholders = global perspective on potential competitive advantage & potential for cooperation = source-in knowledge and technologies etc. rather than re -inventing the wheel = priority setting in times of scarce resources = getting better / excel with something specific = focus investments on regional comparative advantage = accumulation of critical mass = not necessarily focus on a single sector, but cross-fertilisations

In a nutshell: Smart Specialisation is based on 4 Cs Competitive advantage: match R&I

In a nutshell: Smart Specialisation is based on 4 Cs Competitive advantage: match R&I with business and develop links (related variety); adoption of (generic/new) technologies for diversification/modernisation of sectors + explore emerging areas Policy Choices (tough ones): select few priorities on basis of specialisation & integration in international value chains Critical mass of resources & talent: cooperation between regions by avoiding duplication and fragmentation Collaborative Leadership: involve stakeholders from academia, businesses, public administrations and civil society ("quadruple helix") & synergies between funding instruments (EU, national, regional)

The evolution of Smart Specialisation q Expert workshop in Barcelona, June 2008, organised by

The evolution of Smart Specialisation q Expert workshop in Barcelona, June 2008, organised by JRC-IPTS q JRC Scientific and Technical Reports, 2009: « The question of R&D specialisation – Perspectives and policy implications » q “Knowledge for Growth expert group” launched the concept in the framework of ERA (2009) q The concept is incorporated in the Europe 2020 agenda as part of the Innovation Union flagship initiative (2010) q EC Communication « Regional policy contributing to smart growth in Europe 2020 » - smart specialisation as a key concept for the EU regional and cohesion policy 2014 -2020 q EC proposes S 3 as a 'thematic ex-ante conditionality' for R&I spending under ERDF q S 3 Platform is established at JRC-IPTS (2011)

How to develop a S 3? Analysis Process Monitoring RIS 3 Policy mix Vision

How to develop a S 3? Analysis Process Monitoring RIS 3 Policy mix Vision Priorities

Why should universities care about smart specialisation? • Increasing concern about social and economic

Why should universities care about smart specialisation? • Increasing concern about social and economic impact of publicly funded universities (e. g. ranking and funding; U-multi rank, UK REF, Austira Leistungsvereinbarungen, Spain – Aneca) • Large amount of European Structural and Investment Funds linked to smart specialisation • Opportunity to build partnerships with local and regional authorities for mutual benefit • Synergies between support for R&I through the structural funds and European / national competitive financing will determine the overall funding structure

Cohesion Policy funding for R&I 2007 -2013 Cohesion Policy innovation support over total aid:

Cohesion Policy funding for R&I 2007 -2013 Cohesion Policy innovation support over total aid: q 4% in 89’-93’ q 7% in 94’-99’ q 11% in 00’-06’ q 25% in 07’-13’

Cohesion policy - planned investment by major investment fields - 2007 -2013 (in €

Cohesion policy - planned investment by major investment fields - 2007 -2013 (in € billions) see: http: //ec. europa. eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/studies/pdf/cp_employ_growth_en. pdf

ERDF 2014 -20: Concentration on R&I, ICTs and SMEs to maximise impact * At

ERDF 2014 -20: Concentration on R&I, ICTs and SMEs to maximise impact * At least two of four themes must be selected Research and Innovation Access and use of ICTs SMEs competitiveness Energy efficiency and renewable energy (compulsory) Developed regions Transition regions Cohesion Policy Less developed regions (plus island outermost regions)

Billion EUR Less developed regions 164. 3 Transition regions 31. 7 More developed regions

Billion EUR Less developed regions 164. 3 Transition regions 31. 7 More developed regions 49. 5 Cohesion Fund 66. 4 European territorial cooperation 8. 9 Of which Cross border cooperation 6. 6 Transnational cooperation 1. 8 Interregional cooperation 0. 5 Outermost regions and northern sparsely populated regions 1. 4 Youth Employment initiative 3. 0 TOTAL 325. 1

Investment Priority 1 Council modifications (1) strengthening research, technological development and innovation: (a) enhancing

Investment Priority 1 Council modifications (1) strengthening research, technological development and innovation: (a) enhancing research and innovation (R&I) infrastructure […] and capacities to develop R&I excellence and promoting centres of competence, in particular those of European interest; (b) promoting business […] investment in innovation and research, and developing links and synergies between enterprises, R&D centres and higher education, in particular product and service development, technology transfer, social innovation and public service applications, demand stimulation, networking, clusters and open innovation through smart specialisation […] supporting technological and applied research, pilot lines, early product validation actions, advanced manufacturing capabilities and first production in Key Enabling Technologies and diffusion of general purpose technologies; * *) ICT, photonics, nano-electonics, nano- and bio-technologies, advanced materials, etc. . Cohesion Policy

An Agenda for Modernisation of Europe’s Higher Education System (COM (2011) 567) • ‘In

An Agenda for Modernisation of Europe’s Higher Education System (COM (2011) 567) • ‘In assessing the role of HEIs in the region it is useful to identify the steps needed to create a ‘connected region’ in which the institutions are key players. Through this connection process institutions become key partners for regional authorities in formulating and implementing their smart specialisation strategies’ • ‘They can contribute to a region’s assessment of its knowledge assets, capabilities and competencies, including those embedded in the institution’s own departments as well as local businesses, with a view to identifying the most promising areas of specialisation for the region, but also the weaknesses that hamper innovation’

Contribution of universities to S 3 Generative Research related (but not limited) to regional

Contribution of universities to S 3 Generative Research related (but not limited) to regional priorities Multi- and cross- disciplinary Connectivity – knowledge nodes Absorptive Help build capacity to ensure local firms absorb knowledge Provide demand through teaching and learning activities Nurture social ties that drive RIS Support regional analysis Collaborative Leadership Neutral regional brokers Support regional vision and partnership Reach Out – need 'boundary spanners' Reach In – Co-production of knowledge Propose joint activities Place marketing Source: Based on Kempton et al (2013) Universities and Smart Specialisation, JRC S 3 Policy Brief #3, European Commission

The ‘disconnected’ region No boundary spanners Focus on supply side, transactional interventions Ineffective or

The ‘disconnected’ region No boundary spanners Focus on supply side, transactional interventions Ineffective or non existent partnership Lack of a shared understanding about the challenges Source: Goddard, J and Kempton, L (2011) Connecting Universities to Regional Growth, European Commission Entrepreneurs ‘locked out’ of regional planning

The ‘connected’ region Analys is evidenc of e and intellige n for plan ce

The ‘connected’ region Analys is evidenc of e and intellige n for plan ce ning Strong partnerships based on shared understanding of the barriers and how to overcome them Evidence based policies that support ‘smart’ innovation and growth g the Buildin ture ruc infrast wth for gro Skills d ev comme elopment, rcialisa tion of rese arch Source: Goddard, J and Kempton, L (2011) Connecting Universities to Regional Growth, European Commission

Business manufacturing and services, primary sectors, financial sector, creative industries, social sector, large firms,

Business manufacturing and services, primary sectors, financial sector, creative industries, social sector, large firms, SMEs, young entrepreneurs, students with business ideas, cluster and business organisations, if relevant at different government levels, agencies e. g. for regional development, business advice, public procurement offices, incubators, etc. Public administration Research & education public and private research bodies, universities, education and training, science and technology parks, Technology transfer offices, etc. NGOs and citizens’ initiatives related to societal challenges for which innovative solutions would be helpful, consumers associations, Talents! etc. Civil society / Users How to start entrepreneurial discovery process Kick-start with consultation in quadruple helix: Detect potential boundaryspanners between different stakeholder / interest groups, new innovative entrepreneurs, hidden champions, or persons with a potential for this is one of the aims of this first step. … See new annex III of RIS 3 Guide

Horizon 2020 and Cohesion Policy: Differences and complementary objectives EU R&D and Innovation Policy

Horizon 2020 and Cohesion Policy: Differences and complementary objectives EU R&D and Innovation Policy – future Horizon 2020 EU Cohesion Policy Differences Based largely on individual R&D and innovation projects of a pre-competitive nature aiming at advancing knowledge and fostering innovation for growth and jobs, including but not exclusively frontier research (also co-funding national and regional programmes) Based on multiannual programmes aiming at increased to reduce regional disparities, including through close to the market competitive R&D and innovation efforts Awarded directly to final beneficiaries (firms, public and private R&D centres and Universities, including national and regional governments in certain cases – Art. 185, ERA-NET etc. ) Awarded through shared management exclusively to national and regional public intermediaries Through transnational competitive calls addressed to international groupings through peer review based on excellence criteria Non competitive attribution addressed to regional players based on strategic planning negotiation (however calls possible at national or regional level) Synergies and Complementarities Horizon 2020 will focus on tackling major societal challenges, maximising the competitiveness impact of research and innovation (Industrial leadership) and raising and spreading levels of excellence in the research base Cohesion policy will focus on galvanising smart specialisation that will act as a capacity building instrument, based on learning mechanisms and the creation of critical skills in regions and Member States.

134 EU regions + 11 EU countries + 2 non-EU regions

134 EU regions + 11 EU countries + 2 non-EU regions

NEW! Benchmarking and targeted support Transantional Cooperaion Interactive tools, S 3 Newsletter and Website

NEW! Benchmarking and targeted support Transantional Cooperaion Interactive tools, S 3 Newsletter and Website Country- and Macro-region events and targeted seminars at IPTS Research and analysis Extra support for digital agenda and ICT sections of RIS 3 Methodological Guidance Peer Review workshops & transnational learning Thematic workshops & working groups RIS 3 assessment and support to REGIO desks

Universities and the S 3 Platform Working with the European University Association Two day

Universities and the S 3 Platform Working with the European University Association Two day workshop in Seville, February 2013 Open Days workshop in October 2013 together with DG Education and Culture More activities in 2014, including high level conference in Brussels (June tbc) Find out more: http: //s 3 platform. jrc. europa. eu/universities

Thank you! http: //s 3 platform. jrc. europa. eu JRC-IPTS-S 3 PLATFORM@ec. europa. eu

Thank you! http: //s 3 platform. jrc. europa. eu JRC-IPTS-S 3 PLATFORM@ec. europa. eu