The Rock Cycle The Big Idea Geological process
The Rock Cycle
The Big Idea Geological process and products drive the Rock Cycle § Geological processes make and destroy rock § Geological processes also influence types of rock found in an area
Vocabulary Development 1. Write your definition for the 10 chosen vocabulary words from this unit. 2. Share your definition with your group to create a group definition. 3. Chose a group spokesperson. 4. Each group will share their group definition to create a class definition.
Vocabulary Terms § Weathering § Physical or Mechanical § Chemical § Biological § Erosion § Deposition § Lithification § § Compaction § Cementation Foliated • Sedimentary Rock • Clastic • Chemical • Organic • • Igneous Rock Metamorphic Rock Uniformitarianism Catastrophism
Igneous Rock § § “Lava Rock” Igneous rock forms in 2 places. Trapped underground, and formed by cooling magma Intrusive Igneous § When Igneous rock is formed by lava cooling Extrusive Igneous §
Igneous rocks- Identification § If the sample has big crystals – this means that the sample was cooled slowly underground from magma - Intrusive. § If the sample has small crystals – This means that it was cooled quickly above ground from lava - Extrusive. § The surface will look glossy and coarse-grained. § Volcanic - Found where volcanoes have or do exist. § Hard - These rocks are usually very hard and very tough. (except pumice).
Rock Types – Igneous rock Granite Scoria Basalt Pumice Obsidian
Rock types – Sedimentary Rock § Sedimentary rock is formed when sediment collects via deposition § Over millions of years, the layers get compressed by additional layers § Compaction or cementation occurs to form sedimentary rock
Sedimentary Rock-Identification § If you see layers – Sedimentary rocks have layers or bands across them. § If you see fossils – sedimentary rocks, because of the way they are formed, often contain fossils (which are fragments of animals or plants preserved within the rock). § Sedimentary rock is relatively soft - this rock is easy to scrape and often crumbles easily.
Rock types – sedimentary rock Sandstone Limestone Coquina Shale Gypsum
Rock Types – Metamorphic rock § Metamorphic rocks are formed from Igneous or Sedimentary rocks § The formation of metamorphic rock requires extreme heat & pressure § They do not melt.
Metamorphic Rock-Identification § Characteristics: § Big Variety - These rocks can look very different from each other. § Hard – Generally very hard, not crumbly like sedimentary rocks. § Some types may have bands or layers – These indicate different types of rocks mixed together. § Crystals - You might see crystals, but usually only using a magnifying glass or microscope.
Rock types – Metamorphic rock Slate Marble Quartzite Gneiss
The Rock Cycle § The Rock Cycle never stops. Right now: § Volcanoes are erupting and earthquakes are shaking; § Mountains are being pushed up and are being worn down; § Rivers are carrying sand mud to the sea; § The Earth's tectonic plates are slowly moving, about as fast as your fingernails grow.
Chose One Question to Answer § Igneous – § § Sedimentary – § § If you were asked to identify an igneous rock as intrusive or extrusive, what characteristics might you look for? How are layers in a sedimentary rock like rings in a tree? How are they different? Metamorphic§ Create an analogy using the processes and products of sediment becoming a sedimentary then metamorphic rock and baking cookies. Cookie recipe: Start by mixing flour, sugar & chocolate chips. (dry ingredients). After measuring, move them from wax paper and deposit them into a mixing bowl. Add wet ingredients: milk, butter & eggs. Mix thoroughly until mixture dries and becomes sticky. Compress into cookie shapes. Bake in 350 o convection oven until all ingredients merge into a “cookie. ” Allow to cool.
- Slides: 15