The Roaring Twenties Mr Bermudez CHANGING WAYS OF
The Roaring Twenties! Mr. Bermudez
CHANGING WAYS OF LIFE � Increased � New York City = 5 Million � Chicago � 1 st urbanization = 3 Million time more people live in cities rather than rural… Why?
URBAN VS. RURAL � Please fill out a T Chart with the person next to you. � Use pg. 640 and 641 � Write a response together.
Two different cultures � City vs. small town q. Urban life is a world of anonymous crowds, strangers, moneymakers, and pleasure seekers Rural life was safe, with close personal ties, hard work and morals q
� What is the focal point? � What is this painting saying about African Americans?
Song of the Towers Aaron Douglas � Artist � Murals � Symbolize different aspects of African American Life.
Think, Pair, Share � What do you know about Prohibition, Think about it? What are some Pros and Cons of this argument? � After pair up with the person next to you, listen to what they have to say. � Then you will share with the class the information you both came up with.
PROHIBITION � 18 th Amendment � The new law made it illegal to make, sell, or transport liquor � This Amendment launched the era known as Prohibition � Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed by the 21 st Amendment
SUPPORT FOR PROHIBITION � Alcohol led to crime, child & wife abuse, and accidents at work � Supporters were from the rural south and west � The Anti-Saloon League and the Women’s Christian Temperance Union helped push the 18 th Amendment
Those Against Prohibition � Many Americans did not believe drinking was a sin (Cultural) � Government shouldn’t meddle � Most immigrant groups were not willing to give up drinking. (Social) � More Americans now living in cities, disconnect from the moral small town.
SPEAKEASIES � To obtain liquor illegally, drinkers went underground to hidden saloons known as speakeasies � Why do you think they called it that?
SPEAKEASIES � Penthouses, cellars, office buildings, tenements, hardware stores, and tearooms. � One � You had to speak “easy” as to not be detected had to have a password, or a card for entrance
Bootleggers � People also bought liquor from bootleggers who smuggled it in from Canada, Cuba and the West Indies � Carried liquor inside their boots
ORGANIZED CRIME Prohibition contributed to the growth of organized crime in every major city � Chicago became notorious as the home of Al Capone – a famous bootlegger �
GOVERNMENT FAILS TO CONTROL LIQUOR � Failed to budget enough money � Underfunded � Had to patrol 18, 700 miles of coast lines � Only 1, 500 poorly paid federal agents. � Forced to dispose of beer
SUPPORT FADES, PROHIBITION REPEALED � By the mid-1920 s, only 19% of population supports Prohibition � Caused more issues � The 21 st Amendment finally repealed Prohibition in 1933
1920’s Slang Research Activity! Directions: Research the word you are assigned. � Find some pictures, political cartoons, or people. � Create a working definition. � Must be done in Word. Printed out 10 minutes before bell rings � � � Bee’s Knees Bootlegger Cement Overshoes Cheaters Flapper Gatecrasher Heebiejeebies Jake Jalopy Lounge Lizard Main Drag
Slang of Today! � Take your word from the 1920’s and change it into a slang word one might use today
SCIENCE AND RELIGION CLASH � Fundamentalist vs. Secular Thinkers � Truths of science � Evolution
Science and Religion Clash � Literal interpretation of bible � Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution � Skeptical of scientific knowledge � Evolution of species over millions of years � Bible is inspired by God � Issue over teaching in schools.
SCOPES TRIAL � March 1925, Tennessee passed a law that made it a crime to teach evolution � The ACLU promised to defend any teacher willing to challenge the law – John Scopes did
� Scopes was a biology teacher who dared to teach his students that man derived from lower species
Darrow SCOPES TRIAL � The ACLU hired Clarence Darrow, the most famous trial lawyer of the era, to defend Scopes � The prosecution countered with William Jennings Bryan, the threetime Democratic presidential nominee Bryan
Scopes Trial � Trial opened on July 10, 1925 and became a national sensation � In an unusual move, Darrow called Bryan to the stand as an expert on the bible – key question: Should the bible be interpreted literally?
Scopes Trial � Under intense questioning, Darrow got Bryan to admit that the bible can be interpreted in different ways � Nonetheless, fined $100 Scopes was found guilty and
Crash Course � http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Vf. OR 1 XC Mf 7 A
Women of the 1920’s � Change in mentality � Women become more independent � Right to vote � Employment � Driving
Zelda Sayre (Fitzgerald) � Rouge means that women want to choose their man-not take what lives in the next house… Look back over the pages of history and see how the loveliness of women has always stirred men- and nations-on to great achievement! There have been women who were not pretty, who have swayed hearts and empires, but these women… did not disdain that thing for which pain and powder stands. The wanted to choose their destinies-to be successful competitors in the great game of life. -May 1929.
Flapper � An emancipated young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes of the day. � Close fitting hat � Bright waistless dresses, inch above knees � Silk stockings � Sleek pumps � String of beads
Alternative Essay �Why did the 1920’s allow for our culture to change? Make note of Amendments, people, and dates which support your argument.
Double Standard �A set of principles granting greater sexual freedom to men than to women � Women: � Ladies Stricter behavior expected pulled back and forth between old and new
New Jobs � Teachers � Nurses � Librarians � Typists � Filing Clerks � Secretaries � Stenographers � Office Machine Operators
Upper Class VS. Poor � � � New Technologies Freeing up time Reading club Children FOCUS ON SELF Work 7: 00 -3: 30 � Come home � Clean, cook, and raise children - 11: 00 �
THE CHANGING FAMILY � Birthrates decline � Birth control info became widely available � Birth control clinics opened � American Birth Control League founded 1921 Margaret Sanger and other founders of the American Birth Control League - 1921
MODERN FAMILY EMERGES � Marriage � Women based on romantic love managed the household and finances � Children were not considered laborers/ wage earners who needed nurturing and education
EDUCATION AND POPULAR CULTURE � 1920’s Education had a powerful impact on the nation � Enrollment in high schools quadrupled
EXPANDING NEWS COVERAGE � Literacy increased, � Newspaper circulation rose � Mass-circulation magazines flourished
RADIO COMES OF AGE � Radio becomes the most powerful communications medium in the 1920 s News delivered faster and to a larger audience � http: //www. youtube. c om/watch? v=a. Nvxllx _j. IQ �
AMERICAN HEROES OF THE 20 s � Americans spent $4. 5 billion on entertainment � BABE RUTH � He hit 60 homers in 1927
LINDBERGH’S FLIGHT � America’s most beloved hero wasn’t an athlete but a small-town pilot named Charles Lindbergh � Made 1 st nonstop solo trans-Atlantic flight � Took off from NYC in the Spirit of St. Louis arrived in Paris 33 hours later to a hero’s welcome
ENTERTAINMENT AND ARTS First sound movies: Jazz Singer (1927) � First animated with sound: Steamboat Willie (1928) � � http: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=BBgghn. Q F 6 E 4
MUSIC AND ART Composer George Gershwin merged trad. elements w/ American Jazz � Painter Edward Hopper depicted loneliness of American life � Georgia O’ Keeffe captured grandeur of NY using intensely colored canvases � Hopper’s famous “Nighthawks” Radiator Building, Night, New York , 1927 Georgia O'Keeffe
WRITERS OF THE 1920 S Sinclair Lewis, first American to win the Nobel Prize in literature, -Babbitt � Ridicules American conformity and materialism �
WRITERS OF THE 1920 s q. Writer F. Scott Fitzgerald coined phrase “Jazz Age” to describe the 1920 s Fitzgerald wrote Paradise Lost and The Great Gatsby q The Great Gatsby reflected the emptiness of New York elite society q
WRITERS OF THE 1920 S � Edith Warton’s Age of Innocence dramatized clash between trad. and modern values � Willa Cather celebrated simple/ dignified lives of immigrant farmers in Nebraska in My Antonia
WRITERS OF THE 1920 s Ernest Hemingway, wounded in WWI, became one of the best-known authors of the era � The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms, he criticized the glorification of war �
THE LOST GENERATION � Writers such as Hemingway and John Dos Passos were so soured by American culture that they chose to settle in Europe � In Paris they formed a group that one writer called, “The Lost Generation”
THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE � Great Migration � By 1920 over 5 million of the nation’s 12 million blacks (over 40%) lived in cities Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence
AFRICAN AMERICAN GOALS � NAACP urged African Americans to protest racial violence � W. E. B Dubois led a march of 10, 000 black men in NY to protest violence
MARCUS GARVEY - UNIA � African Americans should build a separate society (Africa) � In 1914, founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association � http: //www. pbs. org/wgbh/ amex/garvey/sfeature/sf_ words_pop. html
HARLEM, NEW YORK Largest black urban community � 1920 s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance �
AFRICAN AMERICAN WRITERS Claude Mc. Kay’s poems expressed the pain of life in the ghetto � HR- mostly a literary movement � Well educated blacks- sense of pride �
LANGSTON HUGHES � Langston Hughes movement’s best known poet � Poems described the difficult lives of workingclass blacks � Some poems put to music, especially jazz and blues
ZOLA NEALE HURSTON � Wrote novels, short stories and poems � Wrote about the lives of poor, unschooled Southern blacks � Focused on culture of the people– their folkways and values
AFRICAN-AMERICAN PERFORMERS � Paul Robeson, son of a slave, became a major dramatic actor � His performance in Othello was widely praised
LOUIS ARMSTRONG � In 1922, trumpet player Louis Armstrong joined. Creole Jazz Band � Armstrong is considered the most important and influential musician in the history of jazz � https: //www. youtube. com/w atch? v=tv. TAbh. QTews
EDWARD KENNEDY “DUKE” ELLINGTON � Duke Ellington, jazz pianist/ composer, led his ten-piece orchestra at the famous Cotton Club � https: //www. youtube. com/ watch? v=pfmy 6 -7 p. CVA
BESSIE SMITH � Blues singer, perhaps the most outstanding vocalist of the decade � Achieved enormous popularity by 1927 became the highestpaid black artist in the world � http: //www. youtube. co m/watch? v=b 0 TDNR 3 NEY 0&list=RD 8 Who 6 f THJ 34
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