THE ROARING TWENTIES A DECADE OF CHANGE During

THE ROARING TWENTIES A DECADE OF CHANGE

During WWI • Men were called to serve their country. • Women took jobs in factories making war supplies to help support the war effort. • War was EXCELLENT business for the U. S. • The economy flourished due to the war.

After WWI… • After WWI, soldiers returned home from Europe and took their jobs back. • Women were forced back into the home, often against their will. • Some women kept factory jobs, which angered many Americans because now some men didn’t have jobs. • Politically, the U. S. was returning to isolationism.

Working conditions • Factories had cleaned up immensely due to the efforts of Labor Unions. • Wages were good. • 10 hour work days. • Safety equipment was law.

Progressive Era Ending… • Only three struggles from the Progressive Era still existed during WWI. • Temperance Movement-Prohibition-1918 • Women’s Suffrage gained in 1919 • Civil Rights for African-Americans-Voting Rights (Civil Rights Act)-1964 • The Era of reform had just about ended.

THREE TYPES OF CHANGE • SOCIAL • ECONOMIC • POLITICAL

SOCIAL CHANGE • PEOPLE’S LIFESTYLES • THE WAY PEOPLE INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER • SOCIETY AS A WHOLE

ECONOMIC CHANGE • CHANGES IN THE PRODUCTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND CONSUMPTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES THE “BULL MARKET”

POLITICAL CHANGE • CHANGE IN THE GOVERNMENT • THE WAY PEOPLE THINK ABOUT THE GOVERNMENT • CHANGE IN LAWS Suffrage Parade, New York City, ca. 1912

II. SOCIAL CHANGE IN THE 1920’S

MOVIES

MOVIES • FROM SILENT MOVIES • TO “TALKIES”

Watch the clip below. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Bp 3 u. GJuk. IE Were silent films actually SILENT?

FAMOUS SILENT MOVIE STARS CHARLIE CHAPLIN CLARA BOW RUDOLPH VALENTINO

THE FIRST “TALKIE”

Clip from The Jazz Singer: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=f. Evu. IKhu. Hu. Q

MICKEY TALKS ! • MICKEY MOUSE MAKES HIS TALKING DEBUT IN 1927.

Steamboat Willie clip: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=7 NQyzc Dn. Md. E

GROUPS • HOLLYWOOD • MGM • WARNER BROTHERS

MUSIC: THE JAZZ AGE

MUSIC - THE “JAZZ AGE” • A faster paced style • The first original Music of the US • Started by Black. Americans in New Orleans

FAMOUS INDIVIDUALS

BESSIE SMITH

Louis Armstrong and Bessie Smith • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Yt. El. KZ HRISg • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=DCp. Gx 4 Xgb-o

DANCE

THE CHARLESTON A DANCE THAT KEPT PACE WITH JAZZ MUSIC

Charleston Clip • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=SJ 70 T Hd. Dnew

WOMEN AND FASHION

THE TREND • THE SKIRTS AND DRESSES GREW SHORTER AND SLEEKER, ALONG WITH THEIR HAIR.

FLAPPERS • SIGNIFIIED THE NEW INDEPENDENCE OF WOMEN

. With short hair and a short skirt, with turned-down hose and powdered knees - the flapper seemed like a rebel. No longer confined to home and tradition, the typical flapper was a young woman who was often thought of as a little fast and maybe even a little brazen. Mostly, the flapper offended the older generation because she defied conventions of acceptable feminine behavior. The flapper was "modern. " Traditionally, women's hair had always been worn long. The flapper wore it short, or bobbed. She used make-up (which she might well apply in public). And the flapper wore baggy dresses which often exposed her arms as well as her legs from the knees down. However, flappers did more than symbolize a revolution in fashion and mores they embodied the modern spirit of the Jazz Age.

WHAT ASPECTS OF THE FLAPPER ARE SHOWN IN THIS DRAWING ?

Flappers clip: https: //www. youtube. com/watch ? v=Qeg. Ignar. TH 4

HARLEM RENAISSANCE • Rebirth of African American Culture – Through intellect and production of literature, art, and music blacks could challenge racism and stereotypes to promote racial and social integration. . – The creation of art and literature would serve to "uplift" the race. Blacks should be proud of their heritage and accomplishments.

Poet Langston Hughes Dreams Hold fast to dreams For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. Hold fast to dreams For when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow.

Artist William H. Johnson • Johnson painted thousands of pictures, many of which are on display at the Smithsonian Institute • Top picture is titled: “Art Class” • Bottom picture is titled “Booker T. Washington Legend”

Singer Billie Holliday STRANGE FRUIT Southern trees bear a strange fruit Blood on the leaves Blood at the root Black bodies swinging in the southern breeze Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees Pastoral scene of the gallant South The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth The scent of magnolia sweet and fresh Then the sudden smell of burning flesh Here is a fruit for the crows to pluck For the rain to gather For the wind to suck For the sun to rot For the tree to drop Here is a strange and bitter crop Lyrics by: Lewis Anderson Originally sung by: Billie Holiday

Billie Holliday: Strange Fruit • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=h 4 Zyu. ULy 9 zs

THE GOLDEN AGE OF SPORTS

BASEBALL • BABE RUTH • 60 HOMERUNS IN 1927

GOLF • BOBBY JONES • STARTED THE “MASTERS”

TENNIS • BILL TILDEN

COLLEGE FOOTBALL THE “GALLOPING GHOST” KNUTE ROCKNE

SWIMMING • SWIMS THE ENGLISH CHANNEL IN 1927

RADIO

THE FIRST RADIO STATION

RADIO PROVIDED THE WHOLE FAMILY : • ENTERTAINMENT • SPORTS • NEWS

550 WGR Buffalo NY (1000 watts) 550 WKRC Cincinnati OH (1000 watts) 550 WFUO/KSD both St Louis MO (500 -1000 watts) 550 KFDY/KFYR both Brookings SD/Bismarck ND (500 -1000 watts) 550 KOAC Corvalis OR (1000 watts)

FADS “THE WONDERFUL AGE OF NONSENSE”

MARATHON DANCING • DANCE CONTESTS • THE LAST COUPLE STILL DANCING WINS ! • USUALLY LASTED FOR DAYS

FLAGPOLE SITTING • “SHIPWRECK” KELLY • 1924 • 13 HOURS

III. POLITICAL CHANGE IN THE 1920’S

WOMENS’ RIGHTS

PROTESTS In front of the White House

ALICE PAUL • PROTESTED OUTSIDE THE WHITE HOUSE • ARRESTED FOR CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE • INCREASED PEOPLES AWARENESS

THE NINETEENTH AMENDMENT “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. ”

PROHIBITION

THE EIGHTEENTH AMENDMENT “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within the United States. . . is hereby prohibited”.

CLOSING THE SALOONS • USUALLY FBI AGENTS • WHY NOT LOCAL POLICE? • Bootleggers paid police, public officials, and judges to look the other way.

SPEAKEASIES • SUPPOSEDLY SECRET CLUBS

RAIDS ON SPEAKEASIES • SERVED ILLEGAL ALCOHOL • PROVIDED ILLEGAL GAMBLING

ORGANIZED CRIME • FAMOUS GANGSTER • BECAME RICH AND POWERFUL FROM PROHIBITION

TWENTY FIRST AMENDMENT “The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed”.

ANTI - FOREIGN SENTIMENT

THE RED SCARE FEAR THAT COMMUNISTS WOULD TAKE OVER THE US

IMMIGRATION • IMMIGRATION QUOTA ACT PASSED IN 1921 • LIMITED NEW IMMIGRATION TO 3% OF EACH NATIONALITY ALREADY IN THE US

SACCO AND VANZETTI • CONVICTED OF MURDER • MANY BELIEVE THEIR CONVICTION WAS THE RESULT OF THE ANTIFOREIGN SENTIMENT AT THE TIME.

THE RE-EMERGENCE OF THE KU KLUX KLAN

THE KLAN IN THE 1920’S • MEMBERSHIP GREW TO AN ESTIMATED 4 -5 MILLION • NOW DISCRIMINATED NOT ONLY AGAINST AFRICAN-AMERICANS, BUT ADDED CATHOLICS AND JEWS TO ITS HATE LIST

TACTICS • Used terror and violence • Lynchings • Burning crosses

President Warren G. Harding Americans voted for Harding because they wanted change. Harding promised change. He spoke of: “returning to normalcy” Interpreted as a return to a life that was simpler- a life before war, and before the endless campaigns for social and moral reform.

Warren G. Harding The. Harding Worst (1921 -1923) President in American History? • Warren – Return to Normalcy after World War I • Isolationism avoided foreign alliances but… • Disarmament of European nations • Europe debts were scaled back to allow their economies to recover • What do you believe Harding meant by a return to Normalcy? • What does that say about America?

The Ohio Gang • Harding had a great deal of trouble as president – He appointed political cronies and friends to his cabinet – the “Ohio Gang. ” – Many of these men got rich off government graft, kickbacks – Harding also had a great deal of trouble understanding the problems of his presidency – often couldn’t make a decision

SCANDAL! -Teapot Dome The government had set aside oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, for the use of the U. S. Navy Albert B. Fall, secretary of the interior, had the reserves transferred from the department of the Navy to the department of the Interior The reserves were leased to two private oil companies Fall received nearly $400, 000 in loans, bonds, and cash as “gifts” Fall was found guilty of bribery – this basically destroys Harding’s credibility Harding dies shortly thereafter and Calvin Coolidge takes over as president

Coolidge and Hoover • Both Calvin Coolidge and his successor, Herbert Hoover, adopted pro-business government policies – Used protective tariffs to foster American business – Worked to keep taxes low – Worked to make credit available to business that wanted to expand

Coolidge – very different from Harding • Known for his honesty and integrity • Helped to restore the public’s trust in government.

Scopes Monkey Trial • John Scopes was a high school biology teacher in Tennessee • He was accused of violating Tennessee law by teaching theory of evolution. • What is theory of evolution? • Some religious leaders rejected theory. • Scopes wanted to challenge the law and the trial became a national sensation. • www. brainpop. com

IV. ECONOMIC CHANGE IN THE 1920’S

ADVERTISING

OLD AND NEW • MAGAZINES AND NEWSPAPERS • BILLBOARDS • ON THE RADIO

TODAY’S ADVERTISING WAS BORN IN THE 20’S • NEW TACTICS, INCLUDING SCARING PEOPLE !

AUTOMOBILE

MODEL “T’ • MODEL “T” BUILT BY THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY • 1909 -1927 • AFFORDABLE TO THE AVERAGE AMERICAN

ASSEMBLY LINE PRODUCTION • Cars produced - 1920 - 2 million - 1929 - 5. 5 million • By late 1900’s : - One car for every five Americans

EFFECTS OF THE AUTOMOBILE • PROMOTED OTHER INDUSTRIES: - OIL - STEEL - RUBBER • CREATED NEW SERVICE FACILITIES • HIGHWAYS HAD TO BUILT

INSTALLMENT BUYING • BUYING ON CREDIT (Stocks: Buying on Margin) • ONE DOWNPAYMENT • THE REST PAID MONTHLY

Stock Market Crash October 29, 1929 • The Stock Market Crash of 1929 devastated the economy. • Prices dropped over 200 pts. • There were reports of mass suicides in the aftermath. • Many people lost their entire savings. • Numerous companies were ruined. • Faith in banks was destroyed. • Stockbrokers called in their debts (what people owed them). This caused the price of stocks to drop steadily and become worthless.

What caused the Stock Market Crash? • Buying on Margin - People could buy stocks for only a 10% down payment. The buyer would hold the stock until the price rose and then sell it for a profit. As long as the stock prices kept going up, the system worked. • More people invested in the stock market than ever before. • During 1928 and 1929, the prices of many stocks went up faster than the value of the companies the stocks represented. • Some experts warned that the bull market would end.

IN CONCLUSION • THREE MAJOR SOCIAL CHANGES • THREE POLITICAL CHANGES • THREE ECONOMIC CHANGES

Youtube videos: Mr. Betts’ Stock Market Crash: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=0 r. KPHK m. NJrc&t=29 s Crash Course on the stock market crash: https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Qz 8 Vlf. D 8 DGw

THE 1920’S