The Roaring 20s Three class periods will be

The Roaring 20’s Three class periods will be dedicated to working on this project, the rest will be up to you to find time.

• Fear of Communism – After WWI, many Americans did not trust other people who had different beliefs or cultures.

• Americans were concerned about the Communist government in Russia. – The Bolsheviks encouraged working people around the world to fight against capitalism and become Communist. – This idea threatened the way of life in the United States and people thought Communists might try to take over our government.

• Americans were also fearful of anarchists. – – Anarchists: People who did not believe in any type of government. Many anarchists were immigrants, so this led to distrust of foreigners

• People suspected of being Communist or anarchists were arrested and questioned intensively by the government. – – More than 4, 000 people were arrested during the period of the “Red Scare”. Many foreigners were who were arrested were deported, or forced to leave the United States.

• Italian immigrants Sacco and Vanzetti – – known anarchists arrested and convicted for the killing of 2 people • Plead innocent, but because they were immigrants and anarchists the public was quick to deem them guilty – Even without much evidence, they were convicted and executed.

Nativists • Many people became Nativists – – Believed Americanborn people were better than foreigners Joined organizations that were against foreigners. • The Ku Klux Klan

– Traditionally, the KKK was a Southern organization, but it had now spread into Northern states and cities. – The KKK was also against the spread of Communism and Anarchy, so membership in the Klan began to rise for this reason.

• Great Migration – – African Americans began migrating to the North in search of jobs in the cities. This caused competition for jobs and often led to racial violence and hatred.

• Marcus Garvey – – – Leader of Universal Negro Improvement Association Opposed integration Supported “back-to. Africa” movement – Urged African. Americans to establish their own country in Africa

• Labor Unrest – After the war, American workers participated in more than 2, 500 strikes. • The workers called for higher pay in order to keep up with the rising price of goods and services. • These strikes were often violent and long lasting.

• Presidents – Warren Harding won the Election of 1920

• Harding picked smart, experienced people to serve as his advisors in his cabinet – Many of his cabinet members were friends, and not qualified for the job. Some were dishonest.

• Harding’s cabinet became known as the Ohio Gang. • Some members of the Ohio Gang were found guilty of stealing money from the government and accepting bribes. • The Ohio Gang caused many problems for Harding.

• The Teapot Dome Scandal – – Involved members of the Ohio Gang leasing land to oil companies on federal land One member accepted over $400, 000 in bribes from oil companies

• • Harding took a vacation to try and decide what to do with his Ohio Gang. • He died of a heart attack while on that vacation.

Calvin Coolidge • Vice President Calvin Coolidge took over presidential duties after Harding died. – – The first thing he did was fire the Ohio Gang and hire honest people. He also…. • • • – Overturned child labor laws Cut government spending Raised tariffs Coolidge also favored a foreign policy of isolationism to limit America’s involvement in foreign affairs.

• Economic Growth in the 1920’s – After WWI, there was a 2 year recession in the United States. A recession is a period of reduced economic activity. • Soldiers came home from war and competed for jobs. • Companies stopped making wartime goods. • Many companies went bankrupt. • Many workers lost heir jobs. • Prices increased and people had difficulty paying for necessary goods and services.

• By 1922, the recession ended and the economy became stronger. – Between 1922 and 1929, the economy of the U. S. increased from 70 billion to 100 billion dollars. – A lot of the turn around was due to electric power, which most factories switched over to from steam and coal power.

• Electricity was cheaper and more efficient, so businesses lowered their prices and increased profits.

• Electricity led to an increase of appliances in the home. – Appliances made life easier for Americans – Refrigerators, stoves, vacuum cleaners, radios, and fans were manufactured. – As demand for appliances increase, the more were made. This led to lower prices so more people could afford them.

1) What is the cartoonist saying in this cartoon?

• Propaganda – Propaganda was very important in getting Americans to support going into WWI.

• American companies realized they could also use propaganda to sell their products to the masses. • Newspapers, magazines, and radio stations became flooded with commercials and ads for new products. • Propaganda helped persuade people to buy certain brands, or products made by certain companies.

• The Automobile Age – Car ownership jumped from 8 million to 23 million in the 1920’s

• Henry Ford paid his workers $5 per day, which was a lot of pay back then. – This made his workers happy, and he sold more cars. – The more cars he sold, the cheaper they price would become. – As prices dropped and wages increased, more Americans could afford to buy cars.

• Henry Ford’s major contribution to American prosperity was the Assembly line

– Car ownership led to the increase of roads, highways, gas stations, repair shops, and rest stops. – New businesses opened up along roads and highways. – People began to travel farther and tourism increased. – Demand for cars caused steel, rubber, and glass industries to grow. – The oil industry began refining gasoline for cars. – People moved out of the city and into the suburbs.

• What was the significance of the automobile during the 1920’s? How did it affect the country?

• Women in the 1920’s – The 19 th Amendment was approved in 1920, giving women the right to vote.

• This led to a rise in confidence and inspiration among many women in the U. S. • Women ran for public office. • Women began working outside the home. • Some women attended college and pursued careers traditionally held by men.

• Women began to have more freedom. • Women were tired of their traditional roles and pushed for change. – The term, “Liberated Woman” was used often.

• Some women went as far as wearing heavy makeup, cutting their hair short, and wearing short skirts. • • This look was called the “Flapper” The flapper image shocked many people

• People in the 1920 s found themselves with more free time than in the past • • Due to Unions regulating work hours Electric appliances helped cut time from cleaning and maintenance chores

Entertainment Industry

Moving Picture Shows • Movies made in Hollywood, California became a big business. • • • At first, movies were in black and white, not color. They were silent, no talking The first talking movie was the Jazz Singer in 1927

Radio – Radio • Reach millions of people at one time • News, sporting events, comedies

Sports – Sports • Radio helped sports grow • Americans flocked to sporting events • Sports stars became heroes

Fads – Fads • Board games / crossword puzzles • Flagpole sitting • Dance marathons

Jazz • A new kind of music called jazz was the rage. – People loved to dance to the blend of ragtime and blues. – Jazz originated in the south from African American work songs. • People loved the rhythms and melodies. – The 1920’s became known as the Jazz Age – Famous African American Jazz musicians included Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and Bessie Smith.

– Harlem Renaissance • • • Harlem is an African American section of New York city It became a center for creative African American writers and artists. It celebrated African American culture and developed a sense of pride within many African Americans.

• Writers such as Langston Hughes wrote about the African American experience in novels, poems, and short stories – Others: • • James Weldon Johnson Zora Neale Hurston

• Prohibition

• In 1920, the 18 th Amendment banned the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcohol within the U. S.

– Many Americans broke this law by secretly making their own. – Others visited illegal taverns called speakeasies, where alcohol was served. – Bootleggers made millions making and selling illegal alcohol. – There were not enough government agents to enforce Prohibition. – Organized crime increased during Prohibition because making and selling alcohol became very profitable for criminals.

Bootlegger

• Organized crime leaders, such as Al Capone, used their illegal profits to influence some government officials, labor unions, and businesses.

– Prohibition was impossible to enforce, so it eventually ended. • 21 st Amendment cancelled Prohibition in 1933

1920's Trading Cards Summative Assignment Sheet You have all seen trading cards of some sort in your lives. Trading cards have been around for a long time, whether in the form of sports cards, comic cards, or some other type. They usually appear in a standard format: picture on the front, information on the back. I will show you examples of trading cards in class. Feel free to bring in your own cards to use as examples for yourself and your peers. This assignment will call for you to create your own trading cards based on the 1920’s. Your assignment will be to make 6 quality 1920's trading cards. There won’t be many restrictions on this project, since I’d like you to be as creative as possible. However, there are 6 guidelines that you must follow while working on the assignment. .

1920’s Trading Card Project 1. Choose 6 topics relative to the 1920’s. • For each topic you will make one card 2. Trading Card Topics • Of your six topics, four can be about people who had an important role in the 1920's. • The other two topics must be about an important social, political or economic event that took place during the 1920’s. – If you are not sure about the subject of a card, please ask! It is always smart to ask before you start. 1. A picture of your subject will go on the front of the card 1. Just like a baseball card, the front will require a drawing or a photocopied picture of the topic. 2. There should be a title on the front that identifies the person or event on the card. 2. Information about the subject of your card will go on the back. – People Cards: • Explain who the person is and why the person is important to the 1920 s in a 4 sentence paragraph or poem. • Event Cards: – Explain what the event is and why the event is important to the 1920’s in a 4 sentence paragraph or poem. 5. Cards should be no smaller than a 3”x 5” notecard. a. 4” x 6” seems to be a good size, but you may make the cards larger if you like. b. Remember to keep the cards neat and be as creative as you like. 6. Packaging – The cards should be packaged like pack of trading cards you would buy at the store. There needs to be a wrapper and a title for your group of cards. The quality and creativity of your packaging will influence your creativity grade.

• • Trading Card Grading Rubric Grading of the trading cards will be based on the following: 1. Quality of subject picked for each card. Did you pick an important person or event? Were the subjects worthy of having a 1920's trading card made of them? Were you creative in the subjects you picked, or did you simply rehash topics discussed in class? _______/10 2. Information on the back of each card. Did you accurately describe your subject and why it’s important to our study of the 1920's? Did you include specific facts to back up your stance? Each card is required to have a two to four sentence description along with at least additional 5 bullet facts. _______/70 points 3. Neatness. This will really count. 3” x 5” is the smallest you can go – and that’s not very big. Therefore, you will want to be sure that what you do put on the card is arranged in a very neat fashion. Make it so that the person who is looking at the card will know exactly what the subject is. _______/10 4. Creativity. Did you add any special creative touches to your project, like card numbering, trivia questions, etc? _______/10 • • • • • **Remember to follow all the instructions on this sheet. If you need any ideas or advice, please don’t hesitate to ask. Book Topics: Political Social Economic Red Scare Sacco & Vanzetti Labor Unrest A. Mitchell Palmer Marcus Garvey A. Philip Randolph Warren G. Harding UNIA Brotherhood of Sleeping Return to Normalcy Race Riots Car Porters Ohio Gang Charles Lindbergh Recession 1920 -1921 Teapot Dome Scandal Flappers Installment buying Calvin Coolidge Hollywood Automobile Age 18 th Amendment Radio Shows Farmers Problems 19 th Amendment Babe Ruth Railroad Problems KKK Fads & Contests Textile Factories Immigration restrictions Jazz/Jazz Artists Harlem Renaissance Lost Generation Al Capone/Organized Crime Scopes Trial Other Possible Topics, but you are welcome to find your own!! Red Grange, Bobby Jones, Billy Sunday, Negro Leagues, Lou Gehrig, Black Sox Scandal, Will Rogers, Fashions of the 20 s • • •