The Roaring 20s An ERA of prosperity and

The Roaring 20’s An ERA of prosperity, and conflict

The 1920 s

Economic n Economic expansion Mass Production Assembly Line Age of the Automobile n Ailing Agriculture… n n n

Economic: Migration from Rural to Urban n n Farmers did well for first two decades After the war prices dropped – 6 million move to the cities n African Americans move North – factories bring new jobs

n n n Black ghettoes began to form, i. e. Harlem within these ghettoes a distinct Black culture flourished But both blacks and whites wanted cultural interchange restricted Social

Rural to Urban to Suburb n n n Automobiles became more affordable Cities built transportation systems that used an electric trolley 70, 000 buses were operating in the U. S.

Political: Republican Power n President Harding n Elected 1920 n Legacy of Scandals n “Teapot Dome” n Died in office

President Coolidge “The business of America is business. ” n Fordney- Mc. Cumber Tariff n Smoot-Hawley Tariff n No help for farmers n Foreign Policy

Technology/Industry: Consumer Economy

Society: Culture of the Roaring 20’s Radio KDKA Pittsburgh GE, Westinghouse, & RCA form NBC Silent Movies Charlie Chaplin “Talkies” The Jazz Singer Starring Al Jolson Mary Pickford “America’s Sweetheart”

Sports Heroes n n Jack Dempsey – Heavy Champion of the World Jim Thorpe – Native American – Olympic gold, Professional football and baseball player n George Herman Ruth – set home run record with 60 home runs n Hazel Wightman & Helen Wills – Olympic and Wimbledon tennis starts

The Jazz Age The Flappers make up cigarettes short skirts Writers Musicians F. Scott Fitzgerald Ernest Hemingway Louis Armstrong Duke Ellington

The Jazz Age n n Grew out of the African American music of the south (New Orleans) Syncopated rhythms and improvisations Some people were horrified “an expression of the times, of the breathless, energetic, superactive times in which we are living. ” – Leopold Stokowski

Women n Pre-World War I – Women start to migrate towards the cities n During the War – Women start working in factories n After the war – – – Found a new sense of worth/ belonging Voting Social independence

n n 1920 - 19 th Amendment gave them the federal vote and more women went to college and clamoured to join the professions

Flapper n n Short hair Short skirts Smoking/ drinking Shift away from traditional values took place mainly in the cities

A Society in Conflict n Anti-immigrant – National Origins Act – Discrimination Sacco-Vanzetti Trial – Italian immigrants – Unfair trial

n n Fear that new religions and shift from Protestant values this fear was known as NATIVISM many wanted Congress to restrict immigration, leading to a quota system that favoured n. areas of Europe (Closing the “Golden Gates”) Fear of Communism – Wealth and business would be taken from wealthy and redistributed – Workers and unions wanted fair wages and decent hours, some thought these were communistic values, and feared when they organized strikes. n Palmer Raids- organized by J. Edgar Hoover to round up and deport radicals.

The Ku Klux Klan Great increase In power Anti-black Anti-immigrant Anti-Semitic Anti-Catholic Anti-women’s suffrage Anti-bootleggers

Scopes “Monkey” Evolution vs. Creationism Famous Lawyers Trial Science vs. Religion Dayton, Tennessee John Scopes High School Biology teacher

Prohibition Volstead Act 18 th Amendment Gangsters Al Capone

Temperance Cartoons In the 1850 engraving, "The Drunkard's Home, " a cowering family in a squalid home is subjected to the whims of a brutal patriarch. By contrast, the 1850 engraving, "The Temperance Home, " depicts a scene of domestic harmony, order, affection, and material comfort.

The Volstead Act The 18 th Amendment was ratified in 1919 and took effect in 1920. n The Volstead Act clarified the new rules surrounding prohibition. n President Wilson vetoed the Volstead Act on constitutional grounds. n Special stamps were required for medicinal liquors under the Volstead Act.

"A Noble Experiment" n n n Detroit police discover a clandestine still The sale, transport, and consumption of intoxicating beverages became illegal. Many law-abiding Americans defied the regulations. The black market for alcohol was a boon for organized crime.

What is a speakeasy? A Speakeasy was an bar that illegally sold liquor during prohibition. n The name came from bartenders telling patrons to be quiet and “speak easy”. n Inside there would be dancing, drinking, and food. n Although the liquor was the main draw in the women also brought patrons. n Although times were bad, many people were getting rich because of them n

The 21 st Amendment Prohibition was unenforceable. n Many deaths occurred from bootleg liquor. n Political corruption increased. n Smuggling grew out of control. n During the Depression the potential jobs and tax revenue from the legalization of liquor n n. Thus, in 1933, the noble experiment of Prohibition came to a

The decade of the 1920's is characterized by 5 the expansion of the goals of Progressivism the dominance of the Democratic Party in presidential politics growing intolerance for minorities and foreigners a tendency of the United States to pursue an aggressive foreign policy the decrease in the independence of the American female. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 0 10

Henry Ford’s most noteworthy contribution to industry is the 5 Invention of buying cars on credit Invention of the computer Innovation of “interchangeable parts” Perfection of the assembly line process of mass production 1. 2. 3. 4. 0 10

What invention in the 1910's became even more popular after World War I and changed the way information was transmitted? 5 radio television mass mailings newspapers 1. 2. 3. 4. 0 SPEED 10