The Road to Revolution Declaring Independence Second Continental
- Slides: 15
The Road to Revolution Declaring Independence
Second Continental Congress § Met in Philadelphia beginning in May 1775 § Formed Continental Army • Washington chosen to lead § Washington showed up in his military uniform § Tallest man at convention – he looked the part § Authorized printing of paper money to pay troops § Representatives to the meeting were beginning to act like a government
Battle of Bunker Hill § Tension was brewing in Boston 1775 § Colonial militia had seized Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill and fortified Breed’s Hill § Actually fought on Breed’s Hill
Battle of Bunker Hill § William Prescott, “Don’t Fire until you see the whites of their eyes” § Dr. James Warren, member of the Sons of Liberty, was killed § English win battle at huge cost (1, 000 killed or wounded) • Colonial militia was holding its own against the world’s most powerful army.
Offering an Olive Branch • July 1775 Moderate members of the congress drafted the Olive Branch Petition – Asked the King to restore harmony between England the colonies • The king rejected the offer and sought new ways to punish the colonies – Blocked colonial ports and hired German Hessians to fight in colonies
Siege of Boston • Continental Army surrounded the British in Boston • Washington had artillery capture at Fort Ticonderoga moved to Dorchester Heights overlooking Boston • The Continental Army controlled the high ground and threatened to bombard the City • British General Howe withdrew his troops
Thomas Paine’s “Common Sense” • In 1776 most colonists wanted to avoid complete break with England • Paine ridiculed the “Divine Right of Kings” and disagreed with economic reasons for remaining with England • Common Sense caused more colonists to embrace the idea of independence from England
Declaring Independence • May 1776 Second Continental Congress adopted resolution authorizing each colony to create its own government • Richard Henry Lee (VA) introduced a resolution saying that the colonies “are and of right, ought to be free and independent states” • Appointed a committee to draft a declaration of independence
Committee that drafted the Declaration Benjamin Franklin John Adams Robert Livingston Thomas Jefferson John Roger. Adams Sherman
The Writing of the Declaration of Independence
• Thomas Jefferson was chosen to write the declaration – Excellent writer – From Virginia Declaring Independence • Based on Natural Rights philosophy of John Locke • “Unalienable Rights” – Life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness • July 4, 1776 – Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence • John Hancock, president of the congress was the first to sign
The Declaration in Five Parts • Preamble – “When in the Course of Human events…” • The Rights of the People – “…We hold these truths to be self evident…” • List of Grievances – “…He has refused his assent to laws…for the public good…” • Efforts to avoid separation – “…We have petitioned for a redress of grievances in the most humblest terms…” • Independence Declared – “…These united colonies are, of right ought to be free and independent states…”
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