THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR Chapter 4 Section

THE ROAD TO CIVIL WAR Chapter 4, Section 1

QUICK REVIEW FROM PAST UNITS Differences between the North & South ______ vs. ______ Railroad lines Admission of _____ as a state Compromise of 1850

FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT No ____ Amendment rights for slaves No speedy or public trial No right to a __________ Slaves cannot testify in court Fine of $_____ & ____ months jail for helping a runaway slave Reward of $_______ for returning a runaway slave

NORTHERN RESPONSE Helped runaway slaves escape into ______ Some northern states passed personal _____ laws No jail for runaway slaves Guarantee right to fair trials Northern lawyers dragged out cases over several years to raise _____ to southerners

UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Secret network of “_____” who helped hide, feed, & clothe runaway slaves Led by Harriet _____ & other northern abolitionists Used the ______ as a guide & _____ in windows to locate safe houses Some stayed in the north & risked recapture or head into Canada

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN Written by abolitionist Harriet Beecher Stowe Made slavery a _____ issue Got more people interested in becoming ________ Sold 1 million copies in about a year – Second best-selling book in the 19 th Century (behind the _____)

KANSAS-NEBRASKA TENSIONS Senator Stephen Douglas helped push settlement towards the West Led to Kansas & Nebraska to join the union _________ would decide slave or free Most people felt one would enter slave & one free based on location and keep a balance in ________

“BLEEDING KANSAS” Word of popular sovereignty spread quickly Led to people pouring into Kansas “Border _____” from Missouri also showed up and voted illegally -- Leads to violence ______-slavery vote wins Two capitals set up Lecompton: Pro-slave Topeka: Anti-slave

JOHN BROWN Believed _______ called him to end _____ “Pottawatomie Massacre” led by Brown Hacked off hands of 5 pro- slavery people during the night Then killed them Leads to dozens of violent incidents in _______

VIOLENCE IN CONGRESS Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner spoke for days against ______ on the Senate floor – Mocking some Senators Representative Preston Brooks came into the Senate chamber and beat Senator Sumner with his cane Sumner suffered brain damage and could not return to the Senate for several years Southern states applauded Brooks and sent him new canes inscribed with “______________!” This made it clear that ______ could no longer solve the ______ issue

NATIVISM & KNOW-NOTHINGS Nativism: Favoring native born people over _____ Led to the formation of the Know-Nothings Mostly white, ______- class Protestants Anti-________ Anti-Catholic

NEW POLITICAL PARTIES FORM

ELECTION OF 1856 Democrat: James Buchanan Republican: John Fremont Know-Nothing: Millard Fillmore _______ wins Importance of this election ______ can win national elections ______ are a rising party

DRED SCOTT V. SANFORD DECISION Supreme Court decision regarding slaves as _____ or _______ Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote Slaves have no rights as _____ Government cannot makes laws forbidding ________ Chief Justice Roger Taney Dred Scott Slaves are ______ under the Fifth Amendment 7 -2 decision ______ Dred Scott

LINCOLN-DOUGLAS DEBATES U. S. Senate race between incumbent Stephen Douglas & Abraham Lincoln challenged the popular Douglas to a series of debates Positions on slavery Douglas: Use ________ Lincoln: Slavery is _____ & against allowing it to ________ wins; but ______ now nationally known

RAID ON HARPERS FERRY John Brown wanted slaves to be able to defend themselves Organized a raid on the federal ______ in Harpers Ferry, Virginia Brown captured, tried for ______, & _______ Several northerners hailed Brown as a ________

ELECTION OF 1860 Republican: Abraham Lincoln Northern Democrat: Stephen Douglas Southern Democrat: John Breckenridge Constitutional Union: John Bell Abraham Lincoln wins Importance of the election Lincoln wins with____ southern support Southern states begin to secede from the Union ________: December 20, 1860

CONFEDERACY IS FORMED By February 1861 seven states (all in the ____ south) have left the Union Write a new Constitution – modeled after the U. S. Constitution Elected ________ as president Big question: Would the U. S. let the Confederacy leave without a fight?