The Rise of Russia Creation of a Vast

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The Rise of Russia

The Rise of Russia

Creation of a Vast Russian Empire • Three regions • Northern Forests • Farm

Creation of a Vast Russian Empire • Three regions • Northern Forests • Farm land • Southern Steppe

Roman times in Russia • Slavs moved into Southern Russia • Vikings begin trading

Roman times in Russia • Slavs moved into Southern Russia • Vikings begin trading and eventually settle

 • Kiev – center of first Russian state • First Russian unified territory

• Kiev – center of first Russian state • First Russian unified territory • Heart of a vital trade network ▫ Can sail down rivers to Constantinople to trade Kievan Russian

Vladimir • Sent groups out to observe the major monotheistic religions. ▫ Only glowing

Vladimir • Sent groups out to observe the major monotheistic religions. ▫ Only glowing report to return was the on Eastern Christianity. ▫ Olga, Vlad’s gma was the first to convert to Christianity. • Vladimir converts • Forces all citizens to convert ▫ Why would this be important to a ruler? • Looking to Byzantine Empire for trade and religion.

Byzantine Influences in Early Russia • Trade • Christian missionaries • Leaders position

Byzantine Influences in Early Russia • Trade • Christian missionaries • Leaders position

Yaroslav the Wise • Vladimir’s son • Made trading alliances with Western European kings

Yaroslav the Wise • Vladimir’s son • Made trading alliances with Western European kings ▫ Married off his daughters • Created legal code ▫ Stressed crimes against property, which demonstrates importance of commerce in society.

The Decline of Kiev • Starts with death of Yaroslav • Yaroslav divides territory

The Decline of Kiev • Starts with death of Yaroslav • Yaroslav divides territory among his sons ▫ Sons fight over territory • Economic issues ▫ Trade declines with Constantinople due to the Crusades • Mongols ▫ 1240 A. D. Mongols attack Kiev ▫ Many Russians are killed ▫ Kiev becomes part of Khanate of the Golden Horde

Mongol Conquest • Under Mongol Control: • Russian Orthodox Church thrived • Brought Peace

Mongol Conquest • Under Mongol Control: • Russian Orthodox Church thrived • Brought Peace • New trade routes • Absolute power • Cut Russia off from Western Europe during the High Middle Ages • As long as tribute was paid, the Mongols let the people live how they wanted.

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=et m. RI 2_9 Q_A&safe=active • Crash Course Russia

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=et m. RI 2_9 Q_A&safe=active • Crash Course Russia

Growth of Moscow as center of Russia • During Mongol occupation, the Prince of

Growth of Moscow as center of Russia • During Mongol occupation, the Prince of Moscow gained power. ▫ Because of location along rivers • Spiritual center of Russia

Ivan the Great (Ivan III) • Driving force behind Moscow’s rise to power •

Ivan the Great (Ivan III) • Driving force behind Moscow’s rise to power • Built framework for absolute rule ▫ Limited powers of boyars • Took title of czar ▫ Russian word for Caesar • Refuses to pay Mongols • Armies face off ▫ Never fight – both armies turn around and return home.

Ivan the Terrible • Grandson of Ivan the Great • Centralized royal power •

Ivan the Terrible • Grandson of Ivan the Great • Centralized royal power • Feudalistic Ideas ▫ Granted land to nobles in return for military service ▫ Introduced laws that tied Russian serfs to the land. • Organized the Oprichniki – agents of terror – enforce czar’s will

Time of Troubles – 1604 - 1613 • Death of Ivan VI ▫ NO

Time of Troubles – 1604 - 1613 • Death of Ivan VI ▫ NO Successor: person to take over the thrown • Leads to time of ▫ Peasant uprisings ▫ Disputes over succession ▫ Foreign Invasions • Nobles finally decide who should rule ▫ Romanov Dynasty begins – will not end until 1917.

Peter the Great • Centralize royal power • Government and Religious power under his

Peter the Great • Centralize royal power • Government and Religious power under his control • Forced boyars to serve in civilian or military jobs • In order to do this spreads serfdom (peasants). ▫ Tied serfs to land ▫ Labor on roads, canals or other government projects as well as serve in the military

Peter the Great • Social and Economic Reforms • Imported Western technology • Improved

Peter the Great • Social and Economic Reforms • Imported Western technology • Improved Education ▫ Set up academies to study math, science & engineering • Simplified Russian alphabet • Adopted mercantilist policies ▫ Policy by which a nation sought to export more than it imported in order to build its supply of gold and silver

Peter the Great • Wanted to Westernize • Military Power • Expanded Russian boarders

Peter the Great • Wanted to Westernize • Military Power • Expanded Russian boarders • Made St. Petersburg the capital of Russia – warm water port

Catherine the Great • Recognized provincial government • Codified laws • Began state sponsored

Catherine the Great • Recognized provincial government • Codified laws • Began state sponsored education • Wanted to expand Russian boarders to get a warm water port