THE RISE OF MASS DEMOCRACY 1824 1840 Chapter

THE RISE OF MASS DEMOCRACY- 1824 -1840 Chapter 13

A. THE CORRUPT BARGAIN (1824) Election of 1824 J. Q. Adams, Henry Clay, Andrew Jackson, William Crawford (don’t care) Jackson won popular vote, not electoral- House Adams/Clay deal- Sec. of State

B. YANKEE MISFIT IN THE WHITE HOUSE J. Q. Adams- like his dad Minority presdent NOT partisan- didn’t fire seated officials Sectionalism a growing concern

CHANGE IN ELECTORATE By mid-1820 s most states dropped property qualifications for voting -still had to be a white man Pennsylvania 1790 – all men who paid taxes Vermont 1791 – universal manhood suffrage Kentucky 1792 Tennessee – modest taxpaying qualification Conn (1818), Mass (1821), NY (1821) abolished property requirements for voters By 1828 pop vote in all but SC (1832)

C. GOING “WHOLE HOG” FOR JACKSON IN 1828 More organized parties National Republicans- Adams Democratic-Republicans- Jackson (Democrats) Mudslinging & personal characteristics Election of 1828 Sectional Jackson- South & West (agriculture)- new voters Adams- North (manufacture)

I s’pose you’ve read it in the prints, how Packenham attempted To make old Hickory Jackson wince, but soon his schemes repented; For we with rifles ready cocked, thought such occasion lucky, And soon around the general flocked the hunters of Kentucky.

PEGGY EATON AFFAIR

D. “OLD HICKORY” AS PRES. Informal education Frontier aristocrat Jackson’s inaugural party Fear of French Revolution

TRUMP ON OBAMACARE It is A LIE! The president and his party are liars and they lie every time they tell people that the government will make people’s lives better. It is a complete lie just to shake down people for more money and accumulate more power for themselves. It is a scam. Total street hustler scam and Obamacare is the biggest of them all.

JACKSON ON JAY’S TREATY “What an alarming situation has the late Negociation of Mr. Jay with Lord Greenvill…being ratified by the two third of the senate and president has plunged our country…it will end in civil war…have the secrecy removed from the archives of the Grand republic of the united States…”

E. THE SPOILS SYSTEM “to the victor go the spoils” Jackson’s idea of office rotation Loyalty to parties, candidates Incompetence Cemented 2 -party system

BEGINNINGS OF 2 ND PARTY SYSTEM Jacksonian Democrats vs Nat’l Republicans, then Whigs (why Whigs? )

F. THE TARIFF OF ABOMINATIONS Tariff of 1816 Northerners approved, southerners disapproved 1824 & 1828 - tariff increased (Black Tariff or Tariff of Abominations)

TARIFF (CONTINUED) Southerners angry b/c Their goods unprotected Feared federal govt. would try to regulate slavery John C. Calhoun (SC)- The South Carolina Exposition Nullification of Tariff of 1828

NULLIFICATION CONTROVERSY James Madison – “heresy” John Q. Adams – “organized civil war”

G. “NULLIES” IN SC legislature Nullies vs. Unionists voted to nullify tariff & secede from Union Jackson’s stance- no nullification Henry Clay’s compromise Tariff of 1832 - reduce Force Bill

WEBSTER – HAYNE DEBATES Webster – MA Hayne - SC Foote Resolution “Rope of Sand” “Now and forever, one and inseparable”

H. THE TRAIL OF TEARS Western expansion- Jacksonites 5 Civilized Tribes Creeks Choctaws Chickasaws Seminoles Cherokee Worchester v. GA- 1830 Marshall’s decision vs. Jackson’s reply

MAYSVILLE ROAD VETO Jackson’s political savy

1830 - Indian Removal Act Black Hawk War (1832) & Seminole War (1835 -1842 Trail of Tears- fall-winter 1838 & 1839 - 4, 000 Cherokee dead

I. THE BANK WAR Jackson believed bank held too much power (along w/ its pres. , Nicholas Biddle) Hated by J’s supporters Bank Recharter Bill- 1832 Reelection issue (H. Clay) J vetoes- hated by NE J signs- loses support of S & W vetoed

J. OLD HICKORY WALLOPS CLAY IN 1832 1 st 3 rd party- Anti- Masonic- acted as Anti-Jackson Took votes from Clay Nominating conventions- involved lots of people Party platforms Jackson’s popular appeal won the election

K. BURYING BIDDLE’S BANK Bank to expire in 1836 - no more deposits Biddle called in bank loans People lost property Currency destabilized Funds in “pet banks” Specie circular- all public lands had to be purchased with metallic money- stop speculation Panic of 1837

L. THE BIRTH OF THE WHIGS Jackson’s opponents Clay, Calhoun, Webster Against Jackson’s successor- Martin Van Buren

M. THE ELECTION OF 1836 Serve through Van Buren Martin Van Buren vs. William Henry Harrison Van Buren won

N. BIG WOES FOR THE LITTLE MAGICIAN Resented by his party Troubles with Canada Panic of 1837

O. DEPRESSION & THE INDEPENDENT TREASURY Speculation Bank War Specie Circular Divorce Bill Van Buren’s plan to divorce gov’t from banking – gov’t surplus kept in independent treasury – less banking reserves – less credit available Affect on Van Buren’s presidency

CHANGE OVER TIME: POLITICS ❧ Important Change #1: ❧ 1840 s: Triumph of democratic populist style ❧ Aristocracy was tainted, log cabins were in ❧ Being perceived as clean, well-dressed, grammatical, intellectual were negatives when it came to national elections ❧ Sturdy American, course trousers, coonskin cap, no collar – this was in

CHANGE OVER TIME: POLITICS ❧ Important Change #2: ❧ Formation of durable Two-party system ❧ In Era of Good Feelings, Jeffersonians had absorbed policies of Federalist opponents ❧ But now, Both Jacksonian Democrats (also called Democratic-Republicans) and Whigs grew out of Jeffersonians

CHARLES RIVER BRIDGE V. WARREN BRIDGE (1837) Decided by Roger Taney Ruled that a charter granted to a state could not work at a disadvantage to the public Court was acting in spirit of Jacksonian Democracy Placing public good above property rights

P. GONE TO TEXAS Mexico- 1823 Land grants- encourage Americans to come Act as buffer b/t wilds of TX & rest of Mexico Supposed to become Catholics “Mexicanized” No importation of slaves 30, 000 - land suitable for cotton growing Sam Houston Santa Anna- tossed Houston in jail in 1833, took away local rights of Texans

Q. THE LONE STAR REBELLION 1836 - TX declared ind. - Sam Houston March 1836 - Alamo & Goliad Jim Bowie, Davy Crockett

April 1836 - San Jacinto Santa Anna agreed to w/draw troops & recognize Rio Grande as border Repudiated treaty when released TX annexation in 1837? Halted b/c of slavery question Not conspiracy, but would have added slave power

R. LOG CABINS & HARD CIDER OF 1840 Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren (Dems. )- blamed for panic William Henry Harrison (Whigs)- enemyless John Tyler (former Democrat) Log Cabins, Hard Cider, & Tyler Too

S. POLITICS FOR THE PEOPLE By 1840 s politics were for the masses Politicians had to appeal to them as one of them

T. THE 2 -PARTY SYSTEM By 1840 s the organized 2 -party system was entrenched Whigs- nationalism Democrats- states’ rights, less govt. involvement *both trying to gain as many voters as possible