The Rise of Islam Ch 10 Section 1

The Rise of Islam Ch 10 Section 1

Muhammad & Mecca - Born in Mecca around A. D. 570 - Mecca- trade city and place of pilgrimage - Kaaba- ancient temple - Worked as a shepherd - Bedouins- Nomadic herder - Led Caravans across desert - Married- Khadija (first to convert to Islam) The message:

Hijra - First reception= Muhammad angers traditional Muslims - 622 - Muhammad leaves Mecca for Yathrib - Renamed Medina (City of Prophets) - Journey known as hijra - 622 becomes beginning of Muslim Calendar - Medina becomes a center for Islam - Community known as umma - Thousands adopt Islam

Teachings of Islam - Monotheistic - The Quran - Sacred text of Islam as revealed to Muhammad - All-powerful and compassionate - Emphasis on honesty, generosity, and social justice - Harsh penalties for crime - Stand before God in final judgement - Unchangeable

Duties of Islam - Five Pillars - Declaration of Faith - Call to Prayer (5 times) - Ritual washing - Face Mecca - Usually in house of worship (masjids) or mosques - Muezzin (mosque official) - Charity or Almsgiving - Fasting

Jihad Translates to mean “struggle” in God’s service - Personal duty - Overcome immorality in one’s self Other times… Interpreted to mean “holy war” - Islamic version of Crusades - Declared by community not individual “People of the Book” - Muslims, Jews, Christians - Same God - Quran is final revelation

A Way of Life - Islamic Law - Shapes daily life - Tradition determines behavior - Sharia Law - Interpreted from Quran - Behavior from Muhammad’s life - Moral Conduct, Family Life, Business Practices, Government

Islam and Women Before Islam: positions varied - Religion, trade, politics Islam - Spiritual equality - “Whoever does right… will enter the Garden” - Quran - Protection, Granted Inheritance, Encouraged Education, Reject Marriage - Some inequalities still existed Adopt customs of conquered people