The Rise of Imperialism 1800 1914 Imperialism when

The Rise of Imperialism 1800 - 1914

Imperialism when a country increases political and economic power by taking over another country (empire building)

Causes of Imperialism

Second Industrial Revolution & Imperialism Need resources to run industries Technological advances Military tech. – subdue the natives (ex. Rifle) Medicine – survive new diseases (ex. Quinine) Transportation – move raw materials/goods (ex. train & steamboat) Communication – stay connected (ex. Telegraph)

Panama and Suez Canals

Nationalism & Imperialism Nationalism – pride in one’s country Napoleon – attempts at taking over Europe inspired European countries to internally solidify and increase power Provided social support and political motivation to imperialize

Social Ideas & Imperialism Social Darwinism - some people and cultures are superior to others White Man’s Burden European are obligated to “civilize” non. Europeans Emphasis on spreading Christianity

The Fall of Land. Based Empires Ottomans Qing Dynasty

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

Military Weakness and Territory Loss • Janissaries unwilling to adopt new military technology and tactics • Nationalism in the Balkans and Greece led to resistance movements (Christian areas) • Muhammad Ali & Egypt • Helped reform military by hiring French officials to train soldiers • Industrialization – cotton textiles, armaments, railroads • Suez Canal – British intervention

Crimean War 1853 -4 Cause – Russia tries to take over the Ottomans Victory – France, Britain, and Ottomans Effect – showed that the Ottomans were weak and needed protecting First “modern” war

Attempted Reform “Westernize” (Tanzimat) Military reforms (Janissaries were killed) Education – taught European curricula and set up European style universities Government – adopted French legal system (conflicted by shari’a law) Failed attempt to create a constitutional monarchy

Fall of the Qing Dynasty

Internal Problems Corruption and favoritism in the government examination system Misuse of government money Famine and banditry End of the Dynastic Cycle

The British and the Qing Canton system – British goods could only go through one port Mccartney Expedition – open trade Qing refused to accept Mccartney as an agent of the British Mccartney refused to submit (kowtow) to the emperor

Opium Wars 1839 -42 British introduced opium from its Indian colonies into the Chinese system to gain back money spent on Chinese goods Chinese government tried to intervene but were defeated by a stronger British military

Treaty of Nanking (1842) Hong Kong – British colony Low tariff – 5% Britain gained most-favorednation status in trade Spheres of influence – each port was controlled by a different European country

Taiping Rebellion (1850 -1864) Goal – get rid of the Qing Chinese Christians Repelled with the aid of Europeans 20 -30 million deaths – decline agricultural production

The Self-Strengthening Movement • Goal – Modernizing China from within • Western technology – military, railroads, factories • Qing emperors rejected reforms - Cixi • Boxer Rebellion – popular uprising that was put down with the help of the western powers