The Rise and Fall of Napoleons Empire How

The Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire How do these pictures show Napoleon?

How about these two Pictures?

Church Representatives Empress Josephine

Restoring Order • Napoleon was one of 3 consuls took over with a coup d’etat • Created various types of schools (lycees) • Created the Bank of France and made all citizens pay taxes • Napoleon named himself Consul for life, with the creation of a new Constitution • Plebiscite: popular vote

The Napoleonic Code • • • Napoleons greatest impact was on law Based on Enlightenment ideas Equality of all citizens Religious tolerance Advancement based on merit Limited freedom of speech and press, put authority over individual rights • Women lost rights gained during the revolution

Napoleon Crowns Himself Emperor • 1804 Napoleon decides to make himself emperor and people voted to support the move • Napoleon was crowned on 12/2/1804, by taking the crown from the Pope and crowning himself • This signaled that Napoleon was more powerful then the Church

Building an Empire • Napoleon sold Louisiana Territory to USA for 15 million dollars • In 1805 Austria, Prussia and Russia signed peace treaties since they could not defeat Napoleon • Napoleon’s only defeat of the time was at the Battle of Trafalgar to Lord Nelson of GB • Between 1807 - 1812 Napoleon had a major hold over most of Europe. • Napoleon placed family members in power in many countries • Controlled other countries with the threat of military action • Napoleon’s actions led to a quick collapse of the empire

Napoleonic Empire • In 1806 Napoleon set up the Continental System, blockades to prevent trade with Great Britain • Brought GB to was with the US in 1812 • Conquered people developed a feeling of Nationalism: pride in ones own nation, desire for independence • With the help of the English, Spain overthrew French control, Prussia also joined in

Downfall of an Empire • Czar Alexander I again established trade with GB • France and Russia were competing over Poland • Russia leaves the Continental System • In May of 1812, Napoleon decided to invade Russia

Invasion of Russia • Because of Alexander leaving the CS, Napoleon brought 600, 000 soldiers to invade Russia • French troops left in May of 1812 to takeover Moscow. • Alexander moved his troops west and lured in Napoleon, while burning all crops

Scorched Earth Policy • By mid September Russia and France finally battled, in a stalemate Russia retreated further west allowing the French into Moscow. • Russians set fire to Moscow, destroying the city, by November winter had set in Russia had attacked and only 10, 000 French soldiers survived. • All of the European powers went to war with France

Defeat • All of Napoleon’s enemies attacked him (Leipzig) In March of 1814 he abdicated his empire and gave control to Louis XVIII • Napoleon was exiled to Elba an island off the coast of Italy • A year later Napoleon escaped and returned to France were he won support • The army deserted Louis XVIII and sided with Napoleon • Fearing Napoleon may try to restore his empire, his enemies again attacked France • Led by troops led by Wellington, Napoleon was defeated at Waterloo in the Netherlands • Second reign was the Hundred Days • Napoleon was placed on house arrest at Saint Helena and died in 1821

Congress of Vienna • Main goal was the create lasting peace in Europe • The map was redrawn countries were given more land new countries were formed to contain France (buffer states) • Countries received much of their new land from France • Many countries restored their monarchies (legitimacy) as they were before Napoleon • Other countries saw the French Revolution as a reason to build up a democracy.

Congress of Vienna (cont) • Many countries restored their monarchies (legitimacy) as they were before Napoleon • Other countries saw the French Revolution as a reason to build up a democracy. • Agreed to the Concert of Europe, where there would be periodic meeting to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe • Kept peace until 1914