The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte 1795

The Rise and Fall of Napoleon Bonaparte 1795 -1815 Not this Napoleon! This Napoleon!

Setting the Stage 5’ 3” �Napoleon only ___”tall – but “cast a long shadow over the history of modern times. ” �Would come to be recognized as one of the world’s greatest military geniuses _______. �In only four years, would rise from relative obscurity to become master of France.

Napoleon’s Rise to Power 1795 As young officer, defends the National Convention _________from ______. Becomes a royalist rebels national hero for saving the republic French ______. 1796 Appointed to lead army against Italy Won Austrian forces in _____. key battles and became France’s most famous general. VT: Napoleon Gaining Power (12: 00)

Napoleon Seizes Power, 1799 Directory �The ____no longer had the support of the people, but it still controlled the military. �After being put in charge of the military, Napoleon seized control of the government in a coup d'état bloodless _______. first consul �Took the title of _____ and assumed the powers of a dictator _____. Napoleonic �Start of ______ Era.

Voters Approve New Constitution, 1800 Plebiscite held to approve new _______ constitution, which gave all real power ____ to ______. Napoleon Why would the French people do this? Desperate for strong leader who could provide order and stability.

Napoleon Restores Order at Home �Napoleon brought order and economy stable _____to France. �Supported many goals of the Revolution ____: Ø Equality in law Ø Equality in taxation Ø Protection of property Ø Less government corruption

Concordat of 1801 Pope �Agreement with _____brought Church peace with the ____and people won him support of the _____. �Gave French Catholics right to freely practice their religion. �Church allowed to regain much of its former influence.

The Napoleonic Code laws put in � New system of _______ place by Napoleon. � Provided order and security liberty at the expense of _________________. and individual rights � Restricted some rights – such as freedom of speech and press – ___________ that had been established during the Revolution. government � Criticism of the ______ considered subversive. .

Napoleon’s New World Ambitions � Wanted to reassert French Americas power in the _____. slave �Failed to defeat ____ rebellion in French colony of Haiti. �Cut his losses in the Americas. How? Sold Louisiana Territory to U. S. and turned attention to conquering Europe instead

The Louisiana Purchase, 1803 Benefits to France? �Earned Napoleon $15 million that he could spending on conquest of Europe. �Increased power of U. S. , creating rival for Britain “who sooner or later, will humble her pride. ”

Napoleon Crowned as Emperor, 1804 �Napoleon made himself emperor of France. �French people supported his decision. � Why was Napoleon’s coronation controversial?

Napoleon Now Emperor of France �Moved from hero of the common man to royalty. �Shows Napoleon’s ego and his ambition, which would be his eventual undoing. “Napoleon On His Imperial Throne”

Napoleon’s Conquests, 1801 -1812 Napoleon’s armies won series of victories, which brought most of ______ Europe under his control. Austria, Prussia �Rulers of ______, and Russia forced to sign ____ peace treaties with France.

October, 1805 Napoleon’s Only Major Defeat Battle of ____ Trafalgar

Battle of Trafalgar �British fleet, commanded by Horatio Nelson defeated ______, larger French-Spanish fleet. �Consequences for France? Ø Ensured supremacy of the British navy ______for next 100 years. Ø Forced Napoleon to give up plans to invade Britain _____. *Complete PKT pg. 35 Lord Nelson

Death of Lord Nelson

December, 1805 Battle of Austerlitz • One of Napoleon’s greatest victories. • Defeated armies of Russia and Austria. • Austria made peace with France and lost territory as a result. *Read and complete pkt. Pg. 38

Napoleon’s Empire At Its Peak, 1807 -1812 �Largest empire in Europe the Roman Empire since _______. �Only major countries not under Napoleon’s control: Ø Britain Ø Portugal Ø Sweden Ø Ottoman Empire Ø Russia Ø Complete pkt. Pg. 34

Decline and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire �French empire was huge but unstable. �Short-lived. Only lasted for five years (1807 -1812). �Quickly collapsed due to three costly mistakes made by Napoleon.

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s First Costly Mistake, 1806 Continental System”: �Napoleon’s “____ Unsuccessful attempt to cut off all blockade )between trade (called a _______ Britain and European continent. _____ �Reasons why France’s blockade failed? Ø Smuggling was rampant. Ø European countries resented and sometimes ignored blockade. Ø Britain’s counter-blockade hurt French economy more. France weakened as a result.

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s Second Costly Mistake, 1808 Spain � Napoleon sent his armies through ____ Portugal to invade ____. Why? � Deposed Spanish king and put brother nationalist on the throne, inflaming _____ feelings throughout Spain. Peninsular_War (1808 -1813) � Five year ____ against Spanish guerrillas and British forces drove Napoleon’s troops out of Spain. 300, 000 � Napoleon lost ____men, weakening the French empire.

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s Third Costly Mistake Russia His Invasion of ______ in 1812 Napoleon's Invasion of Russia (10: 00)

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s Most Disastrous Mistake �Napoleon was convinced that Russia Tsar was conspiring with Britain against him. �Invaded Russia June, 1812. �Napoleon’s armies included many non-French draftees with little loyalty to him.

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s Invasion of Russia �Russian strategy? Russian armies retreated towards Moscow, practicing “scorched earth” policy.

Collapse of an Empire Invasion of Russia Moscow � Napoleon entered ____ on Sept. 14 to find the city in flames. � Napoleon’s fatal mistake? Waited fatal five weeks in Moscow for peace offer from Russia czar that never came. � Mid-Oct. : Ordered starving armies to turn back -- but it was too late…

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s Retreat from Russia �Starving French army retreated across Russia through early and cruel winter Russian _____. �Constantly attacked by Cossacks (Russians). _____ �Of 600, 000 troops at the start of campaign, only 90, 000 _____ survived!

Napoleon's Withdrawal from Russia by Adolph Northen

Retreat from Russia �Read “The Burning of Moscow” in your packet on pg. 41. Answer questions and prepare to discuss. �Watch- The Defeat of Napoleon, featuring Tchaikovsky’s 1812 Overture.

Europe in 1812

Collapse of an Empire Napoleon’s Defeat, 1813 �Napoleon’s enemies now unite against him. _____ Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden join _______ �_________ coalition against France. Leipzig �In Battle of ______(Oct. 1813) Napoleon’s army is crushed by Allies.

Downfall Recap- Your turn:

Collapse of an Empire The Fall of France, 1814 �Armies of Austria, Russia, Paris and Prussia enter ______ in Jan. 1814: �Napoleon forced to accept surrender terms of _____ and throne give up his _____. Louis XVIII �Replaced by ______. exile �Napoleon sent into ______ Elba on the island of ______. Napoleon After His Abdication

Island of Elba

Napoleon in Exile on Elba

Napoleon Regains Power, 1815 � Napoleon escaped from _____ Elba and lands in France with seven ships and a small army. � Rallied French people _____and army French ____ sent to defeat him. Paris � Entered _____to jubilant crowds. Louis XVIII fled. � Napoleon regained position Emperor as ____of France for one hundred days. ______ Napoleon Landing in France

Napoleon’s Final Defeat: The Battle of Waterloo ______ Battle of Waterloo (5: 00) See PBS segment on Waterloo (12: 00)

June 15, 1815 The Battle of Waterloo � European powers quickly marshaled their armies against Napoleon. � British army commanded by Duke of Wellington Joined _______. Prussian allies, British by ____ defeated Napoleon’s armies once and for all in _______ Belgium Waterloo in Battle of ______. � Ended Napoleon’s last bid for power.

Napoleon at Waterloo �Complete pkt. Pg. 42

Napoleon’s Second and Final Exile, 1815 �British exiled Napoleon again to island of ____ St. Helena in the South Atlantic

Napoleon on St. Helena, 1815 -1821 PBS segment on St. Helena (start at 5: 55)

The Death of Napoleon, 1821 Died of stomach ailment perhaps cancer – on St. Helena six years later. PBS sement on Napoleon's death and legacy (5: 00)

Napoleon’s Legacy How did Napoleon’s love for power lead to his downfall? “I love power as a musician loves his violin. ” - Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon’s Legacy � Military genius and brilliant administrator, but… � His military victories must be measured against the millions of lives lost in his wars. � Only real lasting achievements were non-military: Napoleonic Code and other government reforms.

“He was as great as a man can be without virtue. ” -Alexis de Tocqueville French Statesman and writer

Napoleon’s Legacy �Napoleon’s conquests aroused nationalism feelings of _______ across Europe. �His defeat opened the door to the establishment of a new order in Europe – established Congress of Vienna in at the _______ 1815 -1816.

Views on Napoleon �Complete Packet pages 44 -47. �Is he a Hero or a Villain? �What were the lasting effects of Napoleon’s rule? �Napoleon Political Cartoon Assignment