The RHIC Upgrade Program Axel Drees Stony Brook

The RHIC Upgrade Program Axel Drees, Stony Brook University January 13 th, QM 2004, Oakland Resent long range RHIC planning exercise at BNL five year beam use proposals and decadal plans from all experiments Twenty year planning study for the RHIC facility Introduction: executive summary of plans for RHIC future Schedule, projected luminosity development, detector upgrades Details of “near and medium term” detector upgrades Particle identification for jet tomography (PHENIX, STAR) Dalitz pair rejection for electron pair continuum (PHENIX) Precision vertex tracking (PHENIX, STAR) Enhanced forward instrumentation (PHENIX) Longer term upgrades for RHIC II area Upgrades of readout electronics, DAQ and triggers (STAR) Large acceptance micro TPC for fast tracking (PHENIX, STAR) Summary documents can be found at http: //www. bnl. gov

Long Term RHIC Operation and Upgrade Plans 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20 e. RHIC operation at and e-ion beyond design luminosity RHIC II 40 x design luminositycollider for Au-Au RHIC baseline program via electron cooling Au-Au ~ 1 nb-1 at 200 Ge. V Studies of dense nuclear matter Species scan at 200 Ge. V with rare probes: jet tomography, open Au-Au energy scan flavor, Polarized protons 150 J/ , ’, c, (1 s), (2 s), (3 s) nb-1 Polarized protons at 500 Ge. V Completion of p-A physics BRAHMS & PHOBOS Near & medium term detector upgrades New e. RHIC experiment of PHENIX and STAR Proposals submitted or in preparation Long term upgrades of PHENIX and STAR related to RHIC II new RHIC experiments Axel ? Drees

Physics Beyond Reach of Current RHIC Program Provide key measurements so far inaccessible at RHIC in three broad areas: l Comprehensive study of QCD at high T with heavy ion, p-nucleus, and pp l high p. T phenomena (identified particle, p. T>20 Ge. V/c and -jet) l electron pair continuum (low masses to Drell-Yan) requires highest l heavy flavor production (c- and b-physics) AA luminosity l charmonium spectroscopy (J/ , ’ , c and (1 s), (2 s), (3 s)) l Extended exploration of the spin structure of the nucleon l gluon spin structure (DG/G) with heavy flavor and -jet correlations l quark spin structure (Dq/q) with W-production requires highest l Transversity polarization and luminos l Exploration of the nucleon structure in nuclei l A-, p. T-, x-dependence of the parton structure of nuclei l gluon saturation and the color glass condensate at low x Requires not only upgrade of RHIC luminosity But also of the experiments Corresponding plans developed over the last 2 years Axel Drees

Quarkonium Spectroscopy l Map in-medium QCD potential with suite of quarkonium sates l Requires highest luminosity i. e. RHIC II l > 10 nb-1 per Au. Au run l PHENIX expectation: J/ > 200000 ’ > 50000 > 2500 reconstructed l Detector upgrades: l PHENIX: mass resolution Separate (1 s) (2 s) (3 s) l STAR: rate capability, trigger, electron ID quarkonium program Axel Drees

L in 10 26 cm-2 or beam in 1010 ions RHIC Au-Au Luminosity Development Electron cooling to L ~ 8 10 27 cm-2 At constant beam intensity ongoing luminosity development to L ~ 8 10 26 cm-2 year l RHIC II Luminosity upgrade l Ongoing R&D for electron cooling l Hope for full implementation by 2010 l Expect ramp up of luminosity over 3 years l Full Au-Au Luminosity by 2013 Axel Drees

High p. T Phenomena Jet quenching: one of the most interesting discoveries at RHIC PHENIX Pedestal&flow subtracted Next steps require more detailed studies: Near future: better PID Extend K, , p p. T range to 10 Ge. V/c PHENIX Large solid angle PID STAR Future steps: -jet tomography RHIC II Axel Drees

PHENIX High p. T Particle Identification Combination of three PID detect TOF ~ 100 ps RICH with CO 2 th ~ 34 Aerogel Č, th ~ 8. 5 , K, p separation out to ~ 10 G coverage ~ 4 -8 m 2 in west arm l 2 m 2 Aerogel Cherenkov installed l Future plans: l 4 m 2 of aerogel detectors by 2005 l Develop matching TOF detector based on RPC’s Axel Drees

The STAR Barrel TOF with MRPC Prototype 70 ps, 2 meter path Df 2 -1 < h < 1 FEE Prototype Tray Construction at Rice University 28 MRPC Detector s; 24 made at USTC Neighbor CTB Tray MRPC design developed at CERN, built in China EMC Rails Completed Prototype 28 module MRPC TOF Tray installed in STAR Oct. ‘ 02 in place of existing central trigger barrel tray Axel Drees

The STAR Barrel TOF Prototype modules met all performance specs in the STAR environment and produced physics results in d. Au l Proposal submitted to BNL l Seek construction funding in FY 05 l Construction FY 05 – FY 07 l 30 Trays (25% coverage) in FY 06 l Partial (and increasing) coverage (and physics capability) available during construction phase. Axel Drees

Low-Mass e+e- Pairs: Prospects at RHIC e+ e o e+ e “combinatorial pairs” S/B ~ 1/500 R. Rapp nucl-th/0204003 all signal Strong enhancement of low-mass pairs persists at RHIC Significant contribution from open charm total background Irreducible charm backgro charm signal Need Dalitz rejection & accurate charm measurement PHENIX

PHENIX Dalitz Rejection with a Hadron Blind Detector New inner coil l Dalitz rejection via opening angle l l Field free region to maintain opening angle HBD for electron ID Proximity focused RICH with 50 cm radiator Provides minimal signals for charged particle l HBD concept: l l windowless Cherenkov detector CF 4 as radiator and detector gas Triple GEM with pad readout Cs. I reflective photocathode HBD for Dalitz rejection R&D at Weizmann Institute Bandwidth 6 -11 e. V, N 0 ≈ 940 cm-1 Npe ≈40! No photon feedback Low granularity, relatively low gain Hadron blind Proposal expected during 2004 Earliest implementation by 2006 Axel Drees

Physics from Precise Charm Measurements in Au-Au Is there pre-thermal charm production? Does charm flow? Does charm suffer energy loss? Precision measurement Charm out to p. T > 4 Ge. V/c Thermal dileptons from the QGP Accurate measurement of correlated e+e- pairs These measurements are not possible or very limited without micro vertex tracking Axel Drees

Direct Observation of Open Charm and Beauty Detection of decay vertex will allow a clean identifications of charm and bottom decays m Ge. V ct mm D 0 1865 D± 1869 125 317 B 0 5279 B± 5279 464 496 e X D Au Au D K B Detection options: • Beauty and low p. T charm through displaced e and/or m • Beauty via displaced J/ • High p. T charm through D K J/ X e e Need secondary vertex resolution < 50 mm Beauty and high p. T charm will require high luminosity Axel Drees

PHENIX Barrel VTX Detector Proposal l Proposal submitted to BNL l Detector system based on established technology l Extensive ongoing R&D program l Seek construction funds FY 05 through FY 07 Inner layer: Hybrid Pixel Detector (50 mm x 425 mm) at R ~ 2. 5 cm Alice hybrid pixel technology: Barrel detector (GEANT model) |h|<1. 2 f ~ 2 z 10 cm 32 x 256 channels / chip bump bonded to pixel sensor talks by V. Manzari and A. David Three outer layers: Strip Detectors (80 mm x 3 cm) at R ~ 6, 8, 10 cm novel strip sensors with FNAL SVX 4 readout details on next slide Axel Drees

PHENIX Silicon Strips Detectors l Sensor technology choice: l l l Sensor structure Single sided, two dimensional read-out sensor developed by Z. Li of BNL Inst. Division 80 m x 3 cm strip X/U stereo read-out l Readout chip technology choice: l l SVX 4 chip developed by FNAL/LBNL 128 ch/chip SVX 4 chip l Ongoing R&D l l Prototypes sensors tested in beam at KEK 2 nd generation prototype in production Will be tested with SVX 4 readout Plan to purchase SVX 4 from FNAL Axel Drees

STAR Micro-Vertex Detector l High resolution inner vertex detector: l < 20 mm track resolution at vertex l 2 layers of CMOS Active Pixel Sensors l Inner radius ~1. 8 cm l Active length 20 cm l Readout speed 20 ms (generation 1) l Number of pixels 130 M Two Layers of APS Existing Silicon Proposal expected during 2004 Earliest implementation by 2007 l Develop second generation l High readout speed l LEPSI/IRe. S, and LBNL+UC Irvine Axel Drees

PHENIX Forward Upgrade Components l Endcap Vertex Tracker l silicon pixel detectors l Nosecone EM Calorimeter l W-silicon (20 -50 X/X 0) l shower max l tail catcher l Muon trigger l U-tracker (Mu. Tr or new) l D-tracker (timing with RPC’s? ) l Cerenkov Muon from hadron decays Silicon endcap Muon from W U-Tracker Nosecone Calorimeter Tail charm/beauty & jets: Catcher displaced vertex , -jet, W, 0, h, c: calorimeter D-Tracker Proposal expected in 2004 Staged implementation 2005++ W and quarkonium: improved m-trigger rejecti Axel Drees

Large Acceptance Tracker (TPC) l Inner tracker with fast, compact TPC partner positron needed for rejection l Provides large acceptance to PHENIX Df 2 , |h| < 1. 0 l Fast tracking detector for STAR to handle RHIC II luminosities signal electronl Central tracking detector future RHIC experiment Cs. I readout plane Cherenkov blobs track projections l R&D status: l l Drift regions TPC readout plane GEMs are used for both TPC and HBD Joined R&D with STAR and LEGS Working drift cell with CF 4 and GEM’s Combination with HBD: l Backup for PHENIX Dalitz rejection l l Adds tracking and charge information More robust rejection Both detectors in one gas volume Independent R&D promising Axel Drees

Other STAR Upgrades l DAQ 1000 upgrade for RHIC II: increase STAR’s rate capability to equivalent of 1 k. Hz l Implementation: Replace TPC FEE with version based on ALICE ALTRO chip Replace TPC DAQ system with one storing only cluster information extracted in fast hardware Upgrade EMC level 2 receiver boards and use for other subsystems Staged implementation starting FY 04 l Forward upgrades under discussion l Improved tracking h>1 Charge identification for W-physics l Forward hadron calorimeter 2. 4 < h < 4 Probing gluon saturation and spin physics with forward jet production l Roman pots h ~ 6. 5 Access to a variety of diffractive phenomena in p-p scattering Axel Drees

A New Heavy Ion Experiment for RHIC II? Letter of interest by: R. Bellwied, J. W. Harris, N. Smirnov, P. Steinberg, B. Surrow, and T. Ullrich Statement of Interest document at l Compelling Physics with RHIC II http: //star. physics. yale. edu/users/harris Large overlap with l l l tomography of the QGP physics program proposed for initial conditions PHENIX and STAR saturation / color glass condensate upgrades structure and dynamics of proton rare processes: sea polarization, parity-violating processes l Utilize Hard Probes l jets -high-p. T correlations l high-p. T PID particles l J/ , Also punch line of PHENIX and STAR upgrades “ideal hadron collider detector” l Detector Requirements l ~4 EM + hadronic calorimetry l high resolution tracking (large B dl ) l PID to p ~ 20 -30 Ge. V/c (flavor tagging) l high rate DAQ and specialized triggering Addresses short comings of STAR (rate, resolution, PID. . ) and PHENIX (acceptance) and adds hadron calorimetry Axel Drees

Principle Design Study for Future RHIC Experiment R = 2. 8 m SLD magnet, hadronic cal. + m-chambers |h| < 3 (depth = 15 x (5 + 5) cm, rf = 0. 3 cm, Dz = 3 cm) SC Magnet Coil, 1. 5 T EMC: Crystals + Fe(Pb)/Sc (accordion type, projective) or LAr 6 x 6 mrad towers To. F RPC’s 3 -6 layers Si-strip detectors or mini-TPC Such a new experiment is the experiment we all dream of the technology is available or is being developed but realization requires large investment d. Z = 3. 0 m Y Need a strong and unique physics case π/K/p (1 -30 Ge. V/c) PID: not covered by PHENIX and STAR in 10 years from n Gas RICH (C 5 F 12) with Spherical Mirror Read-out: Cs. I pads sensitive to UV and MIP X R = 2. 8 m Additional Tracking: Si Vertex, Aero. Gel Cherenkov Detectors with two values of N 4 Pad Detectors in Barrel and End Caps (m-pattern) Si + Pad Detectors Forward Axel Drees

Long Term RHIC Operation and Upgrade Plans 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 20 e. RHIC operation at and e-ion beyond design luminosity RHIC II 40 x design luminositycollider for Au-Au RHIC baseline program via electron cooling Au-Au ~ 1 nb-1 at 200 Ge. V Studies of dense nuclear matter Species scan at 200 Ge. V with rare probes: jet tomography, open Au-Au energy scan flavor, Polarized protons 150 J/ , ’, c, (1 s), (2 s), (3 s) mb-1 Polarized protons at 500 Ge. V Completion of p-A physics BRAHMS & PHOBOS Near & medium term detector New e. RHIC experiment upgrades of PHENIX and STAR Proposals submitted or in preparation Medium term upgrades of PHENIX and STAR related to RHIC II new RHIC experiments Axel ? Drees