The Restoration and Glorious Revolution Additional Tasks Analysing

The Restoration and Glorious Revolution Additional Tasks

Analysing the Bill of Rights source Source A from http: //billofrightsinstitute. org/ The Bill of Rights asserted that Englishmen had certain inalienable civil and political rights, although religious liberty was limited for non-Protestants: Catholics were banned from the throne, and Kings and Queens had to swear oaths to maintain Protestantism as the official religion of England. Unless Parliament consented, monarchs could not establish their own courts or act as judges themselves; prevent Protestants from bearing arms, create a standing army; impose fines or punishments without trial; or impose cruel and unusual punishments or excessive bail. Free speech in Parliament was also protected. What are monarchs not allowed to do according to the Bill of Rights? What ‘democratic’ rights for common people are still missing from the Bill of Rights? Why is the Bill of rights a significant ‘TURNING POINT’ in the story of monarchy losing power? King William III and Mary were invited to be monarchs by parliament as long as they agreed to the terms of the Bill of Rights. This event is known as the ‘Glorious Revolution’.

Timeline Review You will NEED this homework for your next assessment! Instructions: Build up your timeline from Bronze to Gold! Use the timeline provided OR create your own – you could event include pictures of monarchs and landmark events!! Bronze: Map each of the following events onto your timeline – hopefully this will recap your memory of the events we have already studied. Silver: Try and add a note or two about each event – what happened? What was the problem/agreement? Gold: Colour code your notes so that they show examples of monarchs being strong/gaining power and events which weakened the power of the monarchy. Create a key. 1066 – Battle of Hastings. William I becomes King of England by killing Harold Godwinson 1066 – 70 – Huge Rebellions against William I squashed by Castles and military force. Feudal System. 1086 – Domesday Book 1095 – William II and Anselm – Church quarrel 1170 – Henry II and Becket - Church quarrel 1207 – King John Vs Pope Innocent – Church quarrel 1215 – King John 1 st Barons War: Magna Carta/Broken promises 1258 – Henry III 2 nd Barons War: Henry III imprisoned/Provisions of Oxford/King breaks promises in 1261 1265 – The first parliament is summoned by Simon De Montford 1534 – Henry VIII signs the Act of Supremacy making him head of the Church of England – Strong Monarchy 1558 – 1603 - Elizabeth I – executes her rival cousin Mary Queen of Scots in 1587 - Strong Monarchy 1603 – 1625 – James I rules by the ‘Divine Right of Kings’ – He ignores the English Parliament 1625 – Charles I becomes King. He dissolves parliament for 11 years from 1629 – 1640. 1642 -49 – Civil War between Charles I and Parliament. 1649 Charles executed. 1649 -60 – Commonwealth – Cromwell in charge. 1653 Cromwell expels Parliament for obstructing reforms. He becomes Lord Protector. 1655 Cromwell establishes rule of England through 11 districts ran by the Major-Generals. 1660 – A New parliament negotiates the restoration of the monarchy - Charles II on the throne. On his deathbed he confesses to being Catholic 1885 1688/9 – James II forced to flee after trying to restore England to the Catholic Religion. Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights – Parliament invites William and Mary to be monarchs.

1066 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 Events showing monarchs were powerful Events showing monarchs were less powerful 1700

Recap of what MAIN POINTS we have learned so far. • • Medieval kings: Powerful William I – conquered England in Battle of Hastings. William I – Showed he was a strong king by winning battles, giving land to his supporters, crushing rebellions by force. William I – Imposed Castles, the Feudal System and Domesday Book to help keep tight control over the barons. READ ME!!! The whole course is summed up in a page! • • Tudor Kings: Powerful Henry VIII – Crushed the power of the Catholic Church in England by passing the Supremacy Act in 1536. The King was now head of the Church – ended the power struggle with the Church. Henry VIII – Used fear of execution to overcome any of parliaments objections to changing national religion, closing monasteries, swapping wives etc. Henry VIII /Elizabeth I– demonstrated power through having paintings to show wealth & strength. Both Stuart & maintained Hanovariana. Kings: Powerful cleverly powerful Charles attempted rule using military image that to intimidated opponents. ‘divine right of kings’ – ignored parliament for 11 years. (e. g. ignored Provisions of Oxford) Cromwell’s rule was not democratic – e. g. dismissed Parliament, became the ‘Lord Protector’ and used Major Generals to suppress rebellion and impose his own PURITAN laws. Parliament was sidelined by both Charles I and Cromwell when it suited them. The Levellers were crushed by Cromwell. • • • Medieval Kings: Power limited The Catholic Church could limit the Kings power: (e. g. Case studies of King William II Vs Anselm, King John vs Pope Innocence, King Henry I vs Thomas Becket) The Barons could limit the Kings power: (e. g. King John and the First Barons War – led to Magna Carta, King Henry III and the Second Baron’s war – led to the Provisions of Oxford and the imprisonment of the King by Simon De Montford) However both the BARONS and CHURCH were not very effective in the short term (e. g. Kings broke Tudor Kings: Power limited promises) but started a precedence Still faced TERM opposition from other for LONG change!! ‘would be’ monarchs – e. g. Elizabeth I had to execute her own cousin Mary Queen of Scots Stuart & Hanovarian Kings: Power limited Parliament gaining power and popular support – e. g. a ‘New Model Army’ is created to fight the King on behalf of Parliament sentenced King Charles to death. A new start for democracy to replace kings. Democratic ideas were getting popular e. g. Levellers – every male should be able to vote. Even Women were wanting a say in running the country! 1688 – Glorious Revolution – Parliament drives out James II and invites William III and Mary to become monarchs BUT only if they

What are the KEY EVENTS that ‘broke’ the power of the monarchy? Barons War & Magna Carta 1215 The monarch lost power because of these events… Glorious Revolution and Bill of Rights 1688 Civil War & beheading of Charles I 1642 -49 Don’t forget to look back at your timeline homwork! Bronze: How did each event change (or attempt to change) the power of the king? Write NOTES around each circle Silver: THINK of your own event – add it to the diagram. Circle three events you think were most important ? Gold: Which was most important? Put a * next to it. ‘What if’ this event had not happened? Why was it a ‘turning point’

Why was the move to prime ministers so important? Hi I’m Robert Walpole. I am the first prime minister of Britain. I wasn’t even given this title at the time, but historians agree that I was the first to perform this role that is now such a part of British Government. I could never have guessed HOW IMPORTANT it would become!!! I’m going to introduce you to some of the 53 prime ministers that have helped guide the nation ever since. You will be asked to consider HOW and WHY prime ministers became SOOOOOOO important. Sir Robert Walpole 1721 -42 Whig This graph from your classwork should help you think WHEN prime ministers became more important than monarchs – it didn’t happen overnight! Our next challenge is to consider WHY prime ministers became more important.

Why was the move to prime ministers so important? William Gladstone 1868 -74, 1880 -85, 1886, 1892 -4 Liberal I introduced the Great Reform Act – this allowed some middle class males to vote for the first time. Now 18% of Males could vote. Earl Charles Grey 1830 -34 Whig I thought that giving the working class MEN of the cities the right to vote would mean the conservatives would gain more supporters…but they voted for the Liberal party instead. Benjamin Disraeli 1868, 1874 -80 Conservative I passed many crucial laws. The Franchise Act in 1884 that gave ALL MEN the right to vote, even if they were just an agricultural worker. Also, the Redistribution Act of 1885 which created our modern day constituencies – each with 1 MP to represent them. I banned corruption in elections in 1883 stopping bribes being given in return for votes and I introduced the Secret Ballot so no-one knew whom you voted for. I introduced the Representation of the People Act of 1918 after the end of WWI. This allowed ALL men over the age of 21 and all women over the age of 30 the vote. The number of people with the right to vote now stood at 21 million. David Lloyd George 1916 -22 Liberal

Why was the move to prime ministers so important? Introduced the NHS so that ALL citizens could get free medical care paid for by the state. Battled with trade unions over closing coal mines in England faced huge riots for introducing a new Poll Tax Clement Atlee 1945 -51 Labour ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ ________________________________________ Margaret Thatcher 1979 -1990 Conservative What did prime ministers do to make Britain more democratic? Hint: Look at the examples given last page. Why might more CHANGE (e. g. voting) have happened under prime ministers rather than monarchs? Hint: why might prime ministers be more motivated to bring in change? Did prime ministers become more powerful because they were leaders elected by the people to look after their interests? Why did this lead to the end of monarchs making key decisions? Extension: choose one of GBs 53 prime ministers and make a poster to advertise what they achieved. Famous for guiding Britain through WWII Winston Churchill 1940 -45, 1951 -55 Conservative