The Respiratory System vocal cords respiratory system bronchioles

The Respiratory System

vocal cords respiratory system bronchioles trachea bronchi oxygen diaphragm

alveoli larynx cilia epiglottis mucus pharynx

sneeze cough ribs carbon dioxide inhale exhale nose / nasal cavity lungs

To Review… Cellular Respiration is… A set of chemical reactions that release energy from food molecules n aerobic – uses oxygen & releases 36 ATPs n anaerobic – does not use oxygen & releases only 2 ATPs (per molecule of glucose) n

The Human Respiratory System… n FUNCTION: a network of passages that allow gases to pass from the external environment to the internal surfaces of the lungs

Nasal Cavity - exposed to air through nostrils - lined with cilia (minute hairs) & mucous membranes which filter, warm & moisten air

Pharynx (throat) n Where the oral and nasal cavity meet n Contains the LARYNX –vocal cords

Trachea (windpipe) Kept open by rings of cartilage n Cilia and mucus line the trachea & trap microscopic particles n Cigarette smoke & other pollutants interfere with the cilia n Food is prevented from entering by the n

Bronchi n 2 main branches of the trachea n Lined with mucus and ringed with cartilage

Bronchioles n Many subdivisions (branches) of the bronchi n Lined with mucus n NO rings of cartilage (during asthma these close up

Alveoli (air sacs) respiratory surface where O 2 and CO 2 are exchanged through diffusion n at the ends of the bronchioles n Thin and moist n Surrounded by capillaries n Oxygen enters the capillaries from the alveoli n CO 2 leaves the capillaries and enters the alveoli to be exhaled n

Video Gas Exchange CO 2 Transport

Lungs n Spongy tissue including bronchioles and all alveoli

Diaphragm n n n Dome shape muscle separating the thorax and the abdomen Contracts and flattens (moves down) when you inhale Relaxes and curves up when you Breathing Video

Breathing Rate n n n controlled by the amount of CO 2 in the blood detected by the medulla of the brain increased CO 2 levels lead to increased breathing rate

Malfunctions of the Respiratory System

1. Bronchitis § § § effect: Inflammation of the bronchial tubes cause: cigarette smoke, air pollution, dust, toxic gases, viruses symptoms: cough, mild fever, tiredness, wheezing treatments: avoid irritants, drink liquids, rest

2. Asthma § § effect: muscular walls of the bronchioles contract and constrict, excess mucus is produced cause: triggered by an allergic response or excess smoke, dust, or stress symptoms: Difficulty breathing, chronic cough treatments: Inhaler or nebulizer, antiinflammatory drugs VIDEO

VIDEO 3. Emphysema n n effect: the breakdown of alveoli walls and loss of elasticity of lungs cause: 80% of cases due to smoking, air pollution symptoms: chronic cough, shortness of breath treatments: no cure! oxygen therapy, stop smoking to slow progression

n Dangers of juuling