THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Jobs of the Respiratory System
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Jobs of the Respiratory System. . . • To get oxygen into the body • To remove carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body
RESPIRATION. . . • The energy-releasing process that is fueled (run) by oxygen
FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ORGANS
NOSE • Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air • Cilia (cleans the air) • Mucus (traps particles and adds moisture to air)
Nasal Cavity • Continues to warm, moisten, and filter incoming air. Located behind the nose.
THROAT • Called the PHARYNX • Connects the nose and the trachea
EPIGLOTTIS • Flap of tissue that directs air down the respiratory path • Closes over the esophagus
TRACHEA • Cleans and carries air (contains mucus and cilia) • Made of cartilage rings – bend your neck – open passageway for air
BRONCHI • Short tubes that carry air from the trachea into the lungs • BRONCHIOLES branch from bronchi INSIDE the lungs
LUNGS • Main organs of respiration • Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide
ALVEOLI • Grape-like sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs that exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide • Surrounded by capillaries
Thoracic Cavity • Contains the bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm • Also called the chest
In The Alveoli. . . • Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries (blood), to the body • Carbon dioxide goes from the blood into the capillaries and is exhaled
THE DIAPHRAGM. . . • Is a dome-shaped muscle that aids in breathing (inhaling and exhaling)
INHALATION 1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens out (pulls down to make more room for more air) 2. Chest expands 3. Decrease in air pressure in the lungs allows air to rush into the lungs
EXHALATION 1. Diaphragm relaxes and pushes up into normal position 2. Space in chest gets smaller 3. Increase in air pressure in the lungs forces air up and out of the lungs
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