THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Jobs of the Respiratory System

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Jobs of the Respiratory System. . . • To get oxygen into the body • To remove carbon dioxide and water vapor from the body

RESPIRATION. . . • The energy-releasing process that is fueled (run) by oxygen

FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ORGANS

NOSE • Warms, moistens, and filters incoming air • Cilia (cleans the air) • Mucus (traps particles and adds moisture to air)

Nasal Cavity • Continues to warm, moisten, and filter incoming air. Located behind the nose.

THROAT • Called the PHARYNX • Connects the nose and the trachea

EPIGLOTTIS • Flap of tissue that directs air down the respiratory path • Closes over the esophagus

TRACHEA • Cleans and carries air (contains mucus and cilia) • Made of cartilage rings – bend your neck – open passageway for air

BRONCHI • Short tubes that carry air from the trachea into the lungs • BRONCHIOLES branch from bronchi INSIDE the lungs

LUNGS • Main organs of respiration • Exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide

ALVEOLI • Grape-like sacs at the end of the bronchioles in the lungs that exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide • Surrounded by capillaries

Thoracic Cavity • Contains the bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, alveoli, and diaphragm • Also called the chest

In The Alveoli. . . • Oxygen goes through the walls of the alveoli and into the capillaries (blood), to the body • Carbon dioxide goes from the blood into the capillaries and is exhaled

THE DIAPHRAGM. . . • Is a dome-shaped muscle that aids in breathing (inhaling and exhaling)

INHALATION 1. Diaphragm contracts and flattens out (pulls down to make more room for more air) 2. Chest expands 3. Decrease in air pressure in the lungs allows air to rush into the lungs

EXHALATION 1. Diaphragm relaxes and pushes up into normal position 2. Space in chest gets smaller 3. Increase in air pressure in the lungs forces air up and out of the lungs