The Respiratory System Functions of the Respiratory System

Functions of the Respiratory System • Move oxygen into the body • Removes carbon

Respiration • Process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a series of chemical reactions

Question • Are breathing and respiration the same thing? Why?

The air we breathe • 21% oxygen • Only use a small part, most

Path of Air • • Nose Pharynx Trachea Bronchi • These structures warm and

Nose • Mucus – moistens and traps particles • Cilia – hair like extensions

Pharynx • Throat • Shared with the digestive system

Trachea • Windpipe • Lined with cilia and mucus • Covered by epiglottis

Bronchi • • Passages that direct air into the lungs One to each lung

Lungs The two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the

Lungs • Their function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream,

Lungs • This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells

Breathing • 20, 000 times per day • Directed by the brain in response

Question • What happens to the air pressure inside the lungs when they expand?

• Hiccups are spasms of the diaphragm thought to be caused by not

• Laryngitis is an inflammation of the vocal cords in which the person

• Pneumonia: an infection in the lungs (pneumo = lungs)

• Asthma: an allergy-induced constriction of the bronchiole muscles, thereby reducing the air

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The Respiratory System

Functions of the Respiratory System • Move oxygen into the body • Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body

Respiration • Process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a series of chemical reactions inside cells. • Releases energy to fuel cellular processes. • Produces carbon dioxide and water

Question • Are breathing and respiration the same thing? Why?

The air we breathe • 21% oxygen • Only use a small part, most is exhaled

Path of Air • • Nose Pharynx Trachea Bronchi • These structures warm and moisten the air and remove harmful materials

Nose • Mucus – moistens and traps particles • Cilia – hair like extensions on cells, sweep particles into the throat

Pharynx • Throat • Shared with the digestive system

Trachea • Windpipe • Lined with cilia and mucus • Covered by epiglottis

Bronchi • • Passages that direct air into the lungs One to each lung Branching occurs inside the lungs End in the alveoli – the tiny air sacs surround by capillaries where oxygen exchange occurs, provide a large surface area

Lungs The two lungs are located near the backbone on either side of the heart.

Lungs • Their function is to transport oxygen from the atmosphere into the bloodstream, and to release carbon dioxide from the bloodstream into the atmosphere.

Lungs • This exchange of gases is accomplished in the mosaic of specialized cells that form millions of tiny, exceptionally thin-walled air sacs called alveoli.

Breathing • 20, 000 times per day • Directed by the brain in response to oxygen levels • Rib muscles contract – lifting the chest wall up and out • Diaphragm is a muscle that extends across the bottom of the rib cage • Diaphragm contracts and moves downward when inhaling

Question • What happens to the air pressure inside the lungs when they expand?

• Hiccups are spasms of the diaphragm thought to be caused by not enough CO 2 in the body. Thus, hiccups are frequently cured by breathing into a paper bag.

• Laryngitis is an inflammation of the vocal cords in which the person partially or totally loses his/her voice. • Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi, causing them to over-secrete mucus, which in turn, causes coughing to get it up.

• Pneumonia: an infection in the lungs (pneumo = lungs)

• Asthma: an allergy-induced constriction of the bronchiole muscles, thereby reducing the air passages (asthma = panting, gasping)