The Renaissance Transition A revival of learning Profound

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The Renaissance • Transition – A revival of learning • Profound Changes – Writing

The Renaissance • Transition – A revival of learning • Profound Changes – Writing in the vernacular – Johannes Gutenberg: Movable-type printing press

The Renaissance – Art and Architecture • Art – Anatomy – Shading – Perspective

The Renaissance – Art and Architecture • Art – Anatomy – Shading – Perspective – Leonardo da Vinci – Michelangelo

The Renaissance – Art and Architecture • Sculpture – Relief – Freestanding • Architecture

The Renaissance – Art and Architecture • Sculpture – Relief – Freestanding • Architecture

The Renaissance – Learning • More private teachers • Academies • Humanities were taught

The Renaissance – Learning • More private teachers • Academies • Humanities were taught • Goal: To become well-rounded

The Renaissance • Variations – Italy • Petrarch: Father of Humanism • Castiglione •

The Renaissance • Variations – Italy • Petrarch: Father of Humanism • Castiglione • Machiavelli – Northern Europe • Erasmus • Sir Thomas More

The Renaissance • Consequences – Positive • Seeking the truth • Renewed interest in

The Renaissance • Consequences – Positive • Seeking the truth • Renewed interest in Scripture • Emphasis on individual • Development of movable-type printing • Widespread education

The Renaissance • Consequences – Negative • Emphasized man rather than God • Weakening

The Renaissance • Consequences – Negative • Emphasized man rather than God • Weakening of moral restraints

Discontent with the Church of Rome • Doctrine – Transubstantiation – Necessity of works

Discontent with the Church of Rome • Doctrine – Transubstantiation – Necessity of works in addition to faith for salvation – Other writings and traditions became authoritative – Confession of sins to priests

Discontent with the Church of Rome • Persecution – Inquisition • Corruption – Scandals

Discontent with the Church of Rome • Persecution – Inquisition • Corruption – Scandals • Boniface VIII • Struggle for control of papacy – Sale of indulgences • Dissatisfaction of the People

The Reformation • Forerunners – John Wycliffe – John Huss • Reformers – Martin

The Reformation • Forerunners – John Wycliffe – John Huss • Reformers – Martin Luther • Ninety-five Theses • Salvation is a gift that cannot be earned • Translated the Bible

The Reformation – Ulrich Zwingli – Anabaptists • Rejected infant baptism • Believed in

The Reformation – Ulrich Zwingli – Anabaptists • Rejected infant baptism • Believed in local churches, free of state control – John Calvin • Institutes of the Christian Religion

The Reformation • Central Doctrines – Scripture alone – Faith alone – Priesthood of

The Reformation • Central Doctrines – Scripture alone – Faith alone – Priesthood of the believer

The Reformation • Results – Freedom – Citizenship – Family life – Education

The Reformation • Results – Freedom – Citizenship – Family life – Education

The Reformation • Reaction – Catholic Counter Reformation • Society of Jesus • Inquisition

The Reformation • Reaction – Catholic Counter Reformation • Society of Jesus • Inquisition • Index of Prohibited Books • Council of Trent – Written statement of all Catholic doctrines – No essential changes in Catholic doctrine

The Reformation • Reaction – Wars of Religion • Huguenots • Thirty Years’ War

The Reformation • Reaction – Wars of Religion • Huguenots • Thirty Years’ War