THE RENAISSANCE RENAISSANCE FRENCH WORD THAT MEANS REBIRTH

THE RENAISSANCE

RENAISSANCE • FRENCH WORD THAT MEANS REBIRTH. • THIS WAS A TIME OF RENEWAL OR REBIRTH OF INTEREST IN LEARNING AND THE ARTS INEUROPE. • CITIZENS BECAME MORE INTERESTED IN THE WORLD AROUND THEM. THIS WAS DUE TO THE SPREAD OF NEW IDEAS FROM OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD. • PEOPLE ACCEPTED NEW IDEAS MORE READILY. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

• THE RENAISSANCE IS REGARDED AS THE BEGINNING OF MODERN TIMES EUROPE. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

BEGINNINGS IN ITALY 1300’S • COLLECTION OF INDEPENDENT CITY-STATES. • POPE CONTROLLED CENTRAL ITALY (PAPAL STATES) • HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR OF GERMANY CONTROLLED NORTHERN ITALY • POWERFUL AND WEALTHY FAMILIES RULED OTHER CITYSTATES • NO ONE RULER STRONG ENOUGH TO UNIFYITALY.

This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA AS A RESULT………………. . ITALY WAS IN CHAOS: DISORGANIZED, VIOLENCE, POLITICAL REVOLTS, ASSASSINATIONS.

BUT NOT ALL WAS BAD………………… • AMID THE CHAOS EXISTED GREAT WEALTH. • MANY OF THE WEALTHY DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING, SOMETHING QUITE DIFFERENT. • THEY BECAME PATRONS OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES, ENCOURAGING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ARTS AND SCIENCES

AN AGE OF GENIUS • DURING THIS ERA, PEOPLE WERE EXCITED AND WILLING TO LEARN NEW IDEAS. • PEOPLE WANTED TO LEARN FOR THEMSELVES VERSES BEING TOLD WHAT TO THINK. • SKILLS AND CREATIVITY DEVELOPED TREMENDOUSLY. • EVEN TODAY THE TERM “RENAISSANCE PERSON” IS USED TO DESCRIBE A TALENTED INDIVIDUAL This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

FLORENCE, ITALY • MANY OF THE WELLKNOWN AND MOST TALENTED RENAISSANCE ARTISTS AND WRITERS LIVED IN FLORENCE. • THIS CITY-STATE BECAME THE CENTER OF BEAUTY, LEARNING, AND CREATIVITY.

INTELLECTUAL & CREATIVITY • LEONARDO DAVINCI WAS THE ULTIMATE RENAISSANCE MAN. • HE NOT ONLY PRODUCED MASTERPIECE PAINTINGS, BUT ALSO HAD GREAT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN THE FIELDS OF SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE. • MANY OF HIS IDEAS LED TO INVENTIONS THAT WERE MADE CENTURIES LATER.

FAMOUS PAINTINGS INCLUDE THE LAST SUPPER AND MONA LISA This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

• ONE OF THE GREATEST ARTIST OF THE RENAISSANCE. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI • PAINTED EVENTS FROM THE BIBLE ON THE WALLS AND CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL IN ROME.

WRITERS OF THE RENAISSANC E This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI • WROTE ABOUT GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS • GUIDEBOOK FOR RULERS: THE PRINCE • BOOK EXPLAINS THE WAYS A RULER CAN SEIZE AND HOLD POWER • ADVISED RULERS AND LEADERS TO BE STRONG AND RUTHLESS WHEN NECESSARY, KIND AND GENTLE WHEN POSSIBLE • BELIEF IN THE SAYING “THE END JUSTIFIES THE MEANS” • WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? ? THAT A LEADER SHOULD USE ANY METHOD NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE GOALS. • MACHIAVELLI’S IDEAS HAVE BEEN USED BY DICTATORS TO JUSTIFY ABUSIVE USE OF POWER.

HUMANISTS • NAME GIVEN TO RENAISSANCE WRITERS • WANTED PEOPLE TO IMPROVE THEIR LIVES BY LEARNING THROUGH READING, WRITING AND TRYING NEW THINGS (EXPERIMENTING). • GLORIFIED THE INDIVIDUAL

• HUMANISTS BELIEVED THAT HUMAN REASON AND LOGIC WERE AS IMPORTANT IN UNDERSTANDING THE WORLD AS RELIGION AND INTUITION. • THEY CELEBRATED THE ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF MAN AND LOOKED FOR INSPIRATION TO THE ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN THINKERS.

THE NORTHERN RENAISSANCE WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? ? • THE IDEAS AND LOVE OF LEARNING SPREAD BEYOND ITALY-----TO THE NORTH” “ • FRANCE, ENGLAND, SPAIN, AND EVEN HOLLAND EXPERIENCED A RENAISSANCE OF THEIR OWN.

HOW DID IT HAPPEN?

PRINTING PRESS • MID-1400’SG : ERMAN PRINTER, JOHANN GUTENBERG INVENTED THE MOVABLE METAL TYPE PRINTING PRESS. • FIRST PUBLICATION: THEGUTENBERG BIBLE. • BOOKS ARE MADE FASTER, CHEAPER AND WITH MORE ACCURACY. • RESULT: INCREASED CIRCULATION WHICH MEANS MORE LEARNING AND THINKING This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

VERNACULAR LANGUAGES • NATIVE OR COMMONLY USED LANGUAGE OF A REGION • LATIN IS NO LONGER THE ONLY LANGUAGE USED • RENAISSANCE WRITERS ABANDONED LATIN AND WROTE IN THEIR VERNACULAR LANGUAGES

SO WHAT IS THE BIG DEAL? ? • VERNACULAR LANGUAGES ENABLED MORE PEOPLE TO READ AND LEARN FROM LITERARY WORKS • COMBINED WITH THE PRINTING PRESS, CHEAPER BOOKS PEOPLE HAD THE OPPORTUNITY TO BECOME LITERATE, BETTER EDUCATED, AND OPEN TO NEW IDEAS.

DIVINE COMEDY • WRITTEN BY DANTE ALIGHIERI. • WRITTEN IN VERNACULAR LANGUAGE • BECAME KNOWN AS THE “FATHER OF MODERN ITALIAN” BECAUSE HE DIDN’T WRITE IN LATIN. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

• THERE WAS A MAJOR OBJECTION TO ABANDONING LATIN. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA • FOR EXAMPLE, AUTHOR GEOFFREY CHAUCER WAS URGED NOT TO WRITE HIS FAMOUS CANTERBURY TALES IN VERNACULAR BECAUSE NO ONE WOULD BE ABLE TO UNDERSTAND IT. • HE REFUSED AND IS WELL KNOWN FOR HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRITTEN ENGLISH. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY

• FRENCH RENAISSANCE WRITER AND HUMANIST FRANCOIS RABELAIS • GARGANTUA AND PANTAGRUEL: COMIC STORY ABOUT A GIANT AND HIS SON • STRONGLY ADVISED PEOPLE TO STUDY ALL LANGUAGES AS WELL AS MATH AND SCIENCE

HOLLAND • DESIDERIUS ERASMUS: GREATEST HUMANIST SCHOLAR IN NORTHERN EUROPE. • PRAISE OF FOLLY: ATTACKED SUPERSTITION AND IGNORANCE. • ERASMUS MADE CONTACT WITH OTHER SCHOLARS SPREADING HUMANIST IDEAS This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA

REMBRANDT VAN RIJN BECAME FAMOUS FOR HIS MANY PAINTINGS OF RELIGIOUS SCENES AND COMMONERS. THE NIGHT WATCH

WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE • CONSIDERED THE GREATEST ENGLISH PLAYWRIGHT OF ALL TIMES • ENCOURAGED BY QUEEN ELIZABETH I WHO SUPPORTED THE ARTS AND SCIENCES • MASTERPIECES INCLUDEROMEO AND JULIET, A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAMAND TAMING OF THE SHREW This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC

SPAIN • THE RENAISSANCE REACHED SPAIN IN THE 16 TH CENTURY. • MIGUEL DE CERVANTES WROTE THE FAMOUS DON QUIXOTE • CERVANTES PROVIDED PEOPLE WITH LAUGHTER AND INSPIRATION TO LOOK BEYOND WORDS