THE RENAISSANCE 1485 1660 Part I GeschkeBritish Literature

THE RENAISSANCE 1485 -1660 Part I Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe • Began in Italy during the fourteenth century Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Literature • Petrarch – 1304 -1374 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Literature • Boccaccio – 1313 -1375 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Painting • Giotto – 1266? -1337? Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Painting • Giotto – St. Francis Giving His Cloak to a Poor Man Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Painting • Giotto – The Vision of the Thrones Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Painting • Giotto – Homage of a Simple Man Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Architecture • Brunelleschi – 1377? -1446 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Architecture • Brunelleschi – Brunelleschi’s Dome Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Sculpture • Donatello – 1386 -1466 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Sculpture • Donatello – Crucifix Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Sculpture • Donatello – David Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe • Florence – established itself as a focal point of intellectual trends and artistic accomplishments Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe • Florence Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe • Humanists – – began to emphasize the capacities of the human mind and the achievement of human culture in contrast to the medieval emphasis on God and contempt for the things of this world Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe • Lorenzo de’ Medici – 1449 -1492 – Most famous ruler of Florence – Under his leadership, the goals of Renaissance Humanism were pursued with unrivaled intensity Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Leonardo da Vinci – 1452 -1519 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Leonardo da Vinci – The Last Supper Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Leonardo da Vinci – Madonna and Child Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Leonardo da Vinci – Mona Lisa Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Leonardo da Vinci – The Virgin of the Rocks Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – 1475 -1564 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – Creation of Adam Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – David Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – Fresco Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – Interior of the Sistine Chapel Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – The Separation of Light and Darkness Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe Visual Arts Flourished • Michelangelo – Virgin and Child Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in Europe • • • Extended in England past the middle of the seventeenth century Renaissance means “rebirth” We can say that the Renaissance was the beginning of the modern world Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in England • King Henry VII – – 1485 -1509 Established the Tudor dynasty Ruled the country for more than a century Provided stability and confidence necessary for sustained artistic achievement Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in England • Henry VIII – 1509 -1547 – Saw himself as mainly a powerful political leader – Wanted to be thought of as an enlightened Renaissance prince Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in England • Sir Thomas More – 1478 -1535 – under Henry VIII’s rule, More became the center of the English Humanists – More’s Utopia (1516) may be thought of as the first literary masterpiece of the English Renaissance. Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in England • Also under Henry VIII’s rule, two gifted poets were writing poems based on their exploration of Italian models Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

The Renaissance in England • Sir Thomas Wyatt – 1503 -1542 • Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey – 1517? -1547 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Protestant Reformation • • Martin Luther (1517) Ninety-five Theses – Declared his objections to certain long-standing abuses in the Church – Specifically, indulgences • Remission of part or all punishment that is due for sins Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Protestant Reformation • England aligned itself with the Protestant revolt against the Pope and Rome – No religious motive – Rather, personal and political motives Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Protestant Reformation • • • Henry VIII requested a divorce from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, because she did not produce a male heir to the throne The Pope refused this request Henry VIII defied the Pope, remarried, and declared himself Supreme Head of the Church in England (also known as the Anglican Church) Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Protestant Reformation • Consequences of England’s break with Rome and Catholicism – – England came to have a new and more independent national identity Sir Thomas More was imprisoned and executed when he opposed Henry’s divorce and refused to swear oaths of allegiance to him as Supreme Head of the English church Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Protestant Reformation • The Death of Sir Thomas More – Henry’s viewed More’s execution as a political necessity – More’s death demonstrated that the cultural and artistic spirit of the Renaissance was controlled by the desire of dynastic power Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Succession of the Throne • Edward VI – Henry VIII died in 1547 – throne passed to his nine-year-old son, Edward VI – guided in all government affairs by a council of senior officials – died prematurely in 1553 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Succession of the Throne • Mary – Edward’s older sister – Queen from 15531558 Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance

Succession of the Throne • Queen Mary (continued) – offspring of Henry VIII’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon – Mary was half Spanish and a devout Catholic – Married Philip II of Spain – Instituted a reign of terror against English Protestants in an attempt to return England to Catholic authority – Called “Bloody Mary” Geschke/British Literature Introduction to The Renaissance