The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphia and Male Athletes
The Relationship Between Body Dysmorphia and Male Athletes Problem For male athletes, does being a bodybuilder increase the risk for experiencing an eating disorder (body distortion) compared to the other male sports? Background ● 32. 5% of male elite athletes experience an eating disorders. (Karrer et al. , 2020) ● Males tend to have a muscle dysmorphia, which is the unconscious desire of wanting to obtain muscle mass and increase their muscle with the cognitive thinking that their muscles are not what they consider to be good enough (Hosseini & Padhy, 2020). ● Behaviors for increasing muscularity can lead to harmful behaviors due to over exercising and misuse of enhancing substances (Hosseini & Padhy, 2020). ● Understanding factors that are associated with body image distortion can help identify and treat specific body image subcategories (Hosseini & Padhy, 2020). ● Body dysmorphia can have predisposing factors leading to the development of an eating disorders such as anorexia or bulimia nervosa (Karrer et al. , 2020). ● Eating disorders can lead to greater psychological and physiological effects including depression, body deterioration, drug abuse, declining relationships and suicide (Devrim et al. , 2018). ● Proper prevention measures are needed in order to decrease the risk for injury and mortality (Karrer et al. , 2020). Bailey Benton, Courtney Holbrook, Denira Sulejmanovic, Courtney Reavis Valerie N, Rakes, DNP, RN (Faculty Advisor) Sandra, Yamane, DNP, MS, AGNP-C Catawba College Department of Nursing Literature Review • The literature review included both qualitative and quantitative studies. • The quantitative articles displayed a correlation between male athletes and an overall dissatisfaction with their bodies, also known as muscle dysmorphia. • There are limitations of the research that there is not an ability to distinguish between causes and effect and was unable to determined whether study proved that there is a trend in male athlete across the border male or female athletes (Devrim et al. , 2018) • There is a knowledge gap between male body dysmorphia and it is researched more in females (Karrer et al. , 2020). • There is minimal research on the relationship between males who participate in weight based sports and body dissatisfaction (Devrim et al. , 2018). • There are many factors that contribute to body dissatisfaction. These include social media, social pressures for men and women to be a certain size, and even the BMI scale ( Hosseini & Padhy, 2020). • There is further need for preventative plans, assessments for risk, and approaches to interventions in relation to nutrition (Karrer et al, . 2020). Contact Information: cholbroo 18@catawba. edu dsulejma 20@catawba. edu cjreavis 18@catawba. edu bebenton 17@catawba. edu References available upon request Results • Most common risk factor is competing in weight sensitive sports. Males tend to desire more muscular body shapes when compared to women (Karrer et al. , 2020). • There was a positive correlation between body dissatisfaction in male athletes and disordered eating in order to obtain body satisfaction (Karrer et al. , 2020). • Men showed a double standard in areas like body attractiveness and muscle mass compared to women (Voges et al. , 2019). • Internalization of the media body ideals has highest values for drive for muscularity in men (Schneider et al. , 2016). Significance to Nursing Practice • Predisposing factors of eating disorders in male elite athletes can be crucial in early recognition and treatment (Karrer et al. , 2020). • A part of early recognition is changing the stigma that eating disorders are exclusively a female disorder (Karrer et al, . 2020). Admin, B. , Harrison, D. , Stewart, E. , & Mosely, D. (2017, January 08). Male body dysmorphia. Retrieved April 07, 2021, from https: //bodymatters. com. au/male-body-dysmorphia/
Resources: • Karrer, Y. , Halioua, R. , Mötteli, S. , Iff, S. , Seifritz, E. , Jäger, M. , & Claussen, M. C. (2020). Disordered eating and eating disorders in male elite athletes: A scoping review. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 6(1), e 000801. https: //doi. org/10. 1136/bmjsem-2020 -000801 • Hosseini SA, Padhy RK. Body Image Distortion. [Updated 2020 Jul 2]. In: Stat. Pearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): Stat. Pearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https: //www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/books/NBK 546582/ • Devrim, A. , Bilgic, P. , & Hongu, N. (2018). Is There Any Relationship Between Body Image Perception, Eating Disorders, and Muscle Dysmorphic Disorders in Male Bodybuilders? American journal of men's health, 12(5), 1746– 1758. https: //doi. org/10. 1177/1557988318786868 • Voges, M. M. , Giabbiconi, C. M. , Schöne, B. , Waldorf, M. , Hartmann, A. S. , & Vocks, S. (2019). Gender Differences in Body Evaluation: Do Men Show More Self -Serving Double Standards Than Women? . Frontiers in psychology, 10, 544. https: //doi. org/10. 3389/fpsyg. 2019. 00544 • Schneider, C. , Rollitz, L. , Voracek, M. , & Hennig-Fast, K. (2016). Biological, Psychological, and Sociocultural Factors Contributing to the Drive for Muscularity in Weight-Training Men. Frontiers in psychology, 7, 1992. https: //doi. org/10. 3389/fpsyg. 2016. 01992
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