The Reign of Ashoka 273 232 BC PRESENTED

The Reign of Ashoka (273 -232 BC) PRESENTED BY…. . Subhasish Das Dept. - EE Class Roll No. - 11/EE/4019 WBUT Roll No. - 14801611055 WBUT Registration No. - 111480110461

TABLE OF CONTENT v. Introduction v. Family Background v. Personal Information v. Rise to Power v. Questionable Hereditary Succession v. Early Life as Emperor v. Conquest of Kalinga v. A Sudden Change of Heart v. Buddhist Conversion v. Mission to Spread Buddhism v. Death and Legacy v. The Edicts of King Ashoka v. Conclusion v. Bibliography

INTRODUCTION ØThe high point of the Mauryan empire ØConquered the kingdom of Kalinga, 260 BC. ØRuled through tightly organized bureaucracy ØEstablished capital at Pataliputra ØPolicies of encouraging agriculture and trade ØDedicated his life to Buddhism. ØBuilt Extensive roads. ØConflict How to balance Kautilya’s method of keeping power and Buddha’s demands to become a selfless person?

§Born in 304 BC to the mauryan emperor bindusara and his queen, dharma [or dhamma]. §The grandson of chandragupta maurya, founder of mauryan dynasty. §Although dharma was of priestly lineage, the fact that she was not royal by birth made her a very lowstatus consort in the harem. §Had several elder siblings, whom were his halfbrothers from other wives of bindusara. §One younger sibling, vitthashoka, another son of dharma.

PERSONAL INFORMATION ØQuickly grew into an excellent warrior ØHis command on the mauryan army started growing day by day ØHis elder brothers became suspicious of him being favoured as the next emperor. ØThe eldest son of bindusara, prince susima, convinced him to send asoka to takshashila ØWent to kalinga, where he met a fisherwoman named kaurwaki.

RISE TO POWER §Ashoka was stationed at ujjayini as governor. §Bindusara's death in 273 bc led to a war over succession §Ashoka was supported by his father's ministers. §Ashoka managed to become the king by getting rid of the legitimate heir to the throne §Tricking him into entering a pit filled with live coals.

Questionable Hereditary Succession q. Bindusara became gravely ill q. Ashoka killed 99 of his brothers, sparing only one, named tissa q. The coronation happened in 269 BC, four years after his succession to the throne q. Eliminated his own brothers so that he could succeed his father

EARLY LIFE AS EMPEROR §Ashoka was anointed the new emperor or ruler of the mauryan empire in 274 BC §He is said to have been of a wicked nature and bad temper §Built hell on earth, an elaborate and horrific torture chamber §Earned him the name of chand ashoka (sanskrit), meaning ashoka the fierce §Expanded his empire over the next eight years

Conquest of Kalinga

Continued. . . ØBegan in the 8 th year of Ashoka's reign, probably in 261 BC ØAfter a bloody battle, Ashoka tried to annex kalinga ØIn the aftermath of the battle of kalinga the daya river running next to the battle field turned red with the blood of the slain Ø 100, 000 kalinga civilians and more than 10, 000 of ashoka's own warriors were among those slain

v. After the battle in a tour of city, he could see nothing except burnt houses and scattered corpses. This sight made him sick and he cried the famous monologue: What have I done? If this is a victory, what's a defeat then? Is this a victory or a defeat? Is this justice or injustice? Is it gallantry or a rout? Is it valor to kill innocent children and women? Do I do it to widen the empire and for prosperity or to destroy the other's kingdom and splendor? One has lost her husband, someone else a father, someone a child, someone an unborn infant. . What's this debris of the corpses? Are these marks of victory or defeat? Are these vultures, crows, eagles the messengers of death or evil?

Continued…. . • The mammoth loss of life and suffering witnessed on the battlefield made him turn away from war • He felt that he was the cause of the destruction • His queen, Devi, who was a Buddhist, left him after seeing the brutality at Kalinga • Ashoka realized the consequences of wars and battles

BUDDHIST CONVERSION ØThe brutality of the conquest led Ashoka to adopt Buddhism ØEmbraced buddhism under the brahmin buddhist sages, radhaswami and manjushri ØHe made buddhism his state religion around 260 BC Ø Can be credited with making the first serious attempt to develop a Buddhist policy ØPropagated and preached it within his domain and worldwide from about 250 BC

Missions to Spread Buddhism He sent his missionaries to the following places: Ø Kashmir-Maharakkhita Gandhara ØHimavanta Majjhantika (Nepal) - Majjhima ØMahisamandala ØSuvannabhumi (Mysore) (Thailand/ Mahadeva Myanmar) - Sona ØVanavasi (Tamil and Uttara Nadu) - Rakkhita ØLankadipa (Sri Lanka) ØMaharattha (Maharashtra) - Mahamahinda Mahadhammarakk ØAparantaka hita (Gujarat and Ø"Country of the Sindh) - Yona Dhammarakkhita Yona" (Bactria/ Seleucid Empire) -

DEATH & LEGACY q. Ashoka ruled for an estimated forty years q. He had numerous wives and many heirs but most of their name are lost q. He had entrusted to Mahindra and Sanghamitra the job of making his state religion q. Ashoka died in 232 BC q. After his death, the Mauryan dynasty lasted just fifty more years

The Edicts of King Ashoka v The Rock Edicts §THE FOURTEEN ROCK EDICTS §KALINGA ROCK EDICTS §MINOR ROCK EDICTS §THE SEVEN PILLAR EDICTS §MINOR PILLAR EDICTS v. The pillars of Ashoka were erected by him during his reign in the 3 rd century BC v. The Stupas of Sanchi are world famous and the stupa named Sanchi. Stupa was built by Emperor Ashoka v. Ashoka's own words as known from his Edicts are: "All men are my children. I am like a father to them. As every father desires the good and the happiness of his children, I wish that all men should be happy always”.

ROCK EDICTS OF AHOKA Elephant at Kalinga war site. Orissa Minor Rock Edict site- Madhya Pradesh Rock Edict at Junagadh Major Rock Edict at Girnar, Gujarat

CONCLUSION v. Right from his childhood days Ashoka showed great promise in the field of weaponry skills as well as academics v Although Ashoka was known as Cruel Ashoka but He felt that he was the cause of the destruction which made him turn away from war and adopt Buddhism v. In fact, he can be credited with making the first serious attempt to develop a Buddhist policy. v. Buddhism received a significant boost of popularity when Ashoka converted to Buddhism. v. Throughout his life, 'Asoka the Great' followed the policy of nonviolence v. He is acclaimed for constructing hospitals for animals and renovating major roads throughout India. After this transformation, Ashoka came to be known as Dhammashoka v. Ashoka tried to make the lives better and Ashoka is honored today

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