The Reformation Continues Section 1 4 New Protestants

The Reformation Continues Section 1 -4

New Protestants Emerge • • • Huldrych Zwingli John Calvin Presbyterians Catholic Reformers Anabaptists

Zwingli • A Swedish Catholic priest who called for reforms in the Church • He said that believers should have more control over the church and that faith should be on a more personal level

John Calvin • Published Institutes of the Christian Religion-a summary of Protestant theology • He believed in predestination-the ideas that God predetermined who would be saved and who wouldn’t • He founded Calvinism • He believed in a theocracy-a gov’t controlled by religious leaders

Presbyterians • Calvinism modified by John Knox • Each community church was governed by a group of laymen called elders • Knox and Protestant nobles made Calvinism Scotland’s official religion

Anabaptists • This group believed that people who were baptized as children should be re-baptized as adults • They taught that church and state should be separate

Women’s Role in the Reformation • Noble women played a prominent role in the reformation • They did things like protecting Protestant leaders (Calvin) and taking care of the finances of others

The Catholic Reformation • In response to the success of Protestant religions Catholic church leaders began reforms of their own • They wanted to fix the problems that caused people to leave the Catholic church

Ignatius of Loyola • A Catholic Reformer who was responsible for the creation of the Jesuits • Jesuits focused 3 things – Founding schools in Euro – Convert non-Christians to Catholicism – Stop the spread of Protestantism

Catholics Respond • At the Council of Trent Catholic cardinals and bishops on several doctrines. – The church’s interpretation of the Bible was final – Christians needed faith and good works for salvation – The Bible and church tradition were equally powerful authorities – Indulgences were valid but false selling of them were banned

Religious and Social Effects of the Reformation • New dominations were created (Baptists, Anabaptists, Calvinists etc…) • The Catholic Church was more unified • Many religious figures put an emphasis on education

Political Effects of the Reformation • The problems within the Christian religion opened the door for monarchs to seize more power for themselves • The questioning of beliefs and authority paved the way for the Enlightenment