THE REFLEXES IIConditioned reflexes These are acquired reflexes

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THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ II-Conditioned reflexes: ( ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ These are acquired reflexes that develop

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ II-Conditioned reflexes: ( ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ)ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ These are acquired reflexes that develop as a result of training and previous experience, and they need an intact cerebral cortex.

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ III-Unconditioned reflexes: ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ These are inborn (inherent) reflexes

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ III-Unconditioned reflexes: ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﻴﺔ These are inborn (inherent) reflexes that need neither training nor an intact C. C. That are classified into : A-Hypothalamic reflexes: ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮ ﻃﺎﺋﻴﺔ These regulate the body temperature, the body water and the general metabolism through the hypothalamic control of endocrine glands.

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ B-Midbrain reflexes: ( )ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ These include the various postural

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ B-Midbrain reflexes: ( )ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻣﺎﻍ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ These include the various postural reflexes that regulate the body equilibrium and some visual reflexes(e. g. the papillary light reflex. C-Medullary reflexes: ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺼﻠﻴﺔ These include various reflexes that regulate the H. R &A. B. P , the R. R&many digestive functions.

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ D-Spinal reflexes: ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﻴﺔ These are the reflexes mediated by

THE REFLEXES ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ D-Spinal reflexes: ( )ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻮﻛﻴﺔ These are the reflexes mediated by the spinal cord. They are simplest reflexes in the CNS and include superficial, deep&visceral reflexes. ﻭ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﺸﻮﻳﺔ , ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻴﻘﺔ , ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻌﻜﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺤﻴﺔ 1 -Superficial reflexes: They include: -Planter reflex-withdrawal reflex-abdominal reflexes. ��������� , �������� 2 -Deep reflexes: They include: Stretch reflex. ﻣﻨﻌﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻄﻂ

ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎ Gamma spasticity ↑ gamma discharge Alpha rigidity o o ↑alpha

ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﻏﺎﻣﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺎ Gamma spasticity ↑ gamma discharge Alpha rigidity o o ↑alpha discharge Antigravity muscles All muscles Uni-directional Bi- directional Clasp-knife Lead pipe or o cog-wheel ↑tendon jerks ↔ tendon jerks o UMNL (Upper motor neuron lesion) Parkinsonism

Abdominal reflexes

Abdominal reflexes

Planter reflex S 1 -S 2

Planter reflex S 1 -S 2

Patellar reflex (L 2, 3&4)

Patellar reflex (L 2, 3&4)

Representation of the different areas of the body in somatosensory area I of the

Representation of the different areas of the body in somatosensory area I of the cortex. (From Penfield W, Rasmussen T: Cerebral Cortex of Man: A Clinical Study of Localization of Function. New York: Hafner, 1968. ) Downloaded from: Student. Consult (on 22 December 2006 07: 42 PM) © 2005 Elsevier

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Ch 13 PNS Reflexes Reflexes Reflexes reflex arcCh 13 PNS Reflexes Reflexes Reflexes reflex arc
Snapper Acquired by Simplicity in 2002 Simplicity acquiredSnapper Acquired by Simplicity in 2002 Simplicity acquired
Acquired Immunity Acquired Immunity is more specialized thanAcquired Immunity Acquired Immunity is more specialized than
Acquired Limb Deficiencies Acquired General Limb Loss StatisticsAcquired Limb Deficiencies Acquired General Limb Loss Statistics
ACQUIRED COAGULATION FACTOR DISORDERS Majid vafaie MD AcquiredACQUIRED COAGULATION FACTOR DISORDERS Majid vafaie MD Acquired
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDSAcquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS
ACQUIRED COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES ACQUIRED COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES causes 1ACQUIRED COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES ACQUIRED COAGULATION ABNORMALITIES causes 1
Secondary immunodeficiency Acquired Immunodeficiencies Secondary or Acquired ImmunodeficienciesSecondary immunodeficiency Acquired Immunodeficiencies Secondary or Acquired Immunodeficiencies
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY Overview of the components of acquiredACQUIRED IMMUNITY Overview of the components of acquired
Acquired coagulation disorders Acquired coagulation disorders They areAcquired coagulation disorders Acquired coagulation disorders They are
Acquired Immunity Acquired Immunity Defending against a specificAcquired Immunity Acquired Immunity Defending against a specific
Snapper Acquired by Simplicity in 2002 Simplicity acquiredSnapper Acquired by Simplicity in 2002 Simplicity acquired
ACQUIRED SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIREDACQUIRED SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND ACQUIRED
Acquired immunity Acquired immunity Specific or adaptive immuneAcquired immunity Acquired immunity Specific or adaptive immune
Nervous System Exercises 22 and 23 Reflexes ReflexesNervous System Exercises 22 and 23 Reflexes Reflexes
Lecture Conditioned reflexes Inhibition of conditioned reflexes VinnitsiaLecture Conditioned reflexes Inhibition of conditioned reflexes Vinnitsia
REFLEXES IN INFANCY Reflexes are a newborns firstREFLEXES IN INFANCY Reflexes are a newborns first
PKM Childhood reflexes Infant reflexes and stereotypies arePKM Childhood reflexes Infant reflexes and stereotypies are
Lecture 9 Oligosynaptic and Polysynaptic Reflexes Oligosynaptic ReflexesLecture 9 Oligosynaptic and Polysynaptic Reflexes Oligosynaptic Reflexes
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Infancy Physical Development Reflexes born with many reflexesInfancy Physical Development Reflexes born with many reflexes
Elicited Behaviors Reflexes Reflexes are the most basicElicited Behaviors Reflexes Reflexes are the most basic