The Reconstruction Quinn Davis Alyssa Hannah Nicholas Mc
- Slides: 32
The Reconstruction Quinn Davis, Alyssa Hannah, Nicholas Mc. Gowan, and Grace Watson
Our Agenda. . . ● ● Lincoln’s assassination The Reconstruction Amendments Life as a free slave Lincoln’s vision of Reconstruction and how it was changed
“I cannot bring myself to believe that any human being lives who would do me any harm. ” -- Abraham Lincoln to General Edward H. Ripley April 5, 1865, nine days before his assassination.
Lincoln’s Assassination ● On April 14, 1865 President Abraham Lincoln was shot. ● Lincoln was at a play with his wife when John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head. ● “Sic semper tyrannis!” ● Booth escaped theater while Lincoln died.
John Wilkes Booth
The Mourners ● Lincoln was said to be “like Moses, ” and “something greater than greatness itself” at his funeral. ● There were stories dedicated to Lincoln. ● People hung pictures of Lincoln in their homes. ● Lincoln’s wife, Mary, shut herself up in her room and refused to be seen by the public. ● Lincoln’s sons were shocked and very saddened as well.
Ribbon In Memorial of Lincoln
The Nation’s Reactions to Lincoln’s Death ● Even the South was angry about Booth shooting Lincoln ● The South still believed Lincoln was wrong in his beliefs. ● The North and Blacks were all devastated. ● Everybody was searching for Booth, wanting revenge. ● The Northerners were so angry, they all wanted Booth hung or killed.
Poster Asking for the Capture of the Men
The Other Assassins ● Lewis Powell attacked Secretary of State William H. Seward ● John H. Surratt was a suspect of the Seward attack, but was falsely accused. ● David Herold was an acomplinese of Booth, and helped him get away. ● Vice President Andrew Johnson was targeted, George Atzerodt was assigned to kill him but ran away. ● Many other men were part of the act, although most were not found out.
What Happened to the Assassins ● John Wilkes Booth escaped from Washington to Maryland. ● All the assassins were in hiding. ● $100, 000 was being offered for the capture of the men. ● Booth and his men were in hiding, going from house to house. ● Booth and Herold were eventually found, and although Herold surrendered, Booth refused and was shot.
Map of the Assassins Hideouts
The Assassin’s Plan and Motives ● Booth had always loved the South and slavery. ● Booth turned to avenging the South instead of loving it. ● Lincoln’s reelection enraged Booth. ● August 1864 Booth and some of his friends (former Confederate agents) met and started to plan to kidnap Lincoln. ● In the end, Booth decided to kill Lincoln, not kidnap him.
The 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments ● 13 th - Passed by Congress January 31, 1865; Ratified December 6, 1865 ● 14 th - Passed by Congress June 13, 1866; Ratified July 9, 1868 ● 15 th - Passed by Congress February 26, 1869; Ratified February 3, 1870
13 th Amendment ● Slavery is no longer legal in the United states. ● Involuntary servitude (bondage) is also not legal unless used as punishment for a crime. ● Congress has the right to enforce this amendment when needed.
14 th Amendment ● All citizens of the United States shall be treated equal. ● State and federal government cannot make laws discriminating any group of people. ● Representatives of each state will be decided by the population including all people except for indians who are not taxed. ● No person who has been involved in any rebel action can be elected for any government position. ● The U. S. promises to pay its Civil War debt. ● All debts acquired by the confederate government are illegal.
The 14 th Amendment
15 th Amendment ● Every citizen of the United States has the right to vote. ● Federal and State Governments cannot deny any person the right to vote. ● Congress has the right to enforce this amendment when needed.
Hurray, Slaves are Freed! Freed Slaves can now: ● Vote! ● Hold a Government Position! ● Have the Right of Speech!
BTS: The Challenges African Americans Faced After the Civil War ● Many former slaves couldn’t go anywhere. ● Disease that killed many African Americans. ● Jim Crow Law’s formed with a strong force of segregation.
Life After Being Freed ● Freed slaves had no where to go due to no education or life skills. ● Most blacks had to go to contraband camps to survive. ● Most camps were abandoned slave pens and the only way out was going back to your old master to work. ● Disease like smallpox and cholera was caused because of low sanitation in these contraband camps, about one fourth of 4 million African Americans died from 1862 -1870 from disease.
Jim Crow Laws The unwritten rules of segregation. Voting ● Poll taxes were enforced on blacks that most could not afford. ● Literacy tests, blacks had to take almost impossible tests to vote. Segregation ● Blacks were called “Boy” “Girl” “Nigger” by whites, but blacks referred to whites as “Mr. ” and “Mrs. ” ● Blacks couldn’t have any relation to whites. ● Jobs and schools were limited to blacks. http: //www. pbs. org/wnet/jimcrow/tools. html
Lincoln’s Vision of Reconstruction ● “The Greatest Question ever presented to practical statesmanship” -- Lincoln ● All southerners, except high-ranking Confederate Officers could swear an oath that pledged future loyalty to the Union ● Once 10% of the voting population of the state pledged loyalty to the Union, the citizens of the state could vote in order to change the state’s government and constitution ● This was called the “Ten Percent Plan”
Henry Davis and Benjamin Wade
The Wade-Davis Bill ● Several Radical Republicans in Congress thought that the Ten-Percent Plan was too lenient ● A more stringent plan was proposed by Senator Benjamin F. Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis ● February, 1864 ● Would require 50% of white males to pledge allegiance and for the state to allow blacks to vote.
Image of the Wade-Davis Bill
Wade-Davis Bill Aftermath ● Both houses of Congress pass the Wade-Davis Bill and it goes to Lincoln’s desk ● Lincoln pocket-vetoed the bill and kept advocating tolerance for Reconstruction ● The veto of the bill outraged members of Congress and led to some calling for his resignation
Johnson’s Changes ● Johnson would appoint governors himself ● Governors would be allowed to appoint officials in state administrations ● New Southerners ended up enacting a system of laws called “Black Codes”
Andrew Johnson
Congress’s Changes to Reconstruction ● Extended length of the Freedmen’s Bureau (federal agency to aid former slaves) ● Civil Rights Act of 1866 ● President Johnson eventually vetoed both bills
After the Congressional Elections of 1866. . . ● Congress “effectively” eliminated all of Johnson’s control over Reconstruction and ratified the Fourteenth Amendment. ● Passed the Reconstruction Acts ● Due to Congressional control and harsh policy, Reconstruction was prolonged resulting in violent attacks against blacks. ● After: The Jim Crow Era
Sources and Works Cited ● The Battle over Reconstruction. National Endowment for The Humanities, n. d. Web. 29 Apr. 2014. <http: //edsitement. neh. gov/curriculumunit/battle-over-reconstruction>. ● The Charters of Freedom. N. p. , n. d. Web. 6 May 2014. <http: //www. archives. gov/exhibits/charters/constitution_amendments_11 -27. html>. ● Harris, Paul. “How the End of Slavery Led to Starvation and Death for Millions of Black Americans. ” ● The Guardian News and Media Limited, 16 June 2012. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. <http: //www. theguardian. com/world/2012/jun/16/slavery-starvation-civil-war>. ● Holzer, Harold. The President Is Shot. Honesdale: Boyds Mills, 2004. Print. ● Our Documents -- Wade-Davis Bill (1864). National History Day, The National Archives and Records Administration, and USA Freedom Corps. , n. d. Web. 1 May 2014. <http: //www. ourdocuments. gov/doc. php? flash=false&doc=37>. ● “The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow. ” PBS. Educational Broadcasting Corporation, 2002. Web. 23 Apr. 2014. <http: //www. pbs. org/wnet/jimcrow/>.
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