The Real Ambassadors Jazz Greats Jazz Diplomacy and

The Real Ambassadors: Jazz Greats, Jazz Diplomacy and the Globalization of Jazz

Essential Question “How could American democracy be a beacon during the Cold War, and a model for those struggling against Soviet oppression, if the United States itself practiced brutal discrimination against minorities within its own borders? ” Mary Dudziak Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy

Rabbi Roland B. Gittelsohn Eulogy at Iwo Jima, March 1945 “Here lie men who loved America. Here lie officers and men, Negroes and whites, rich and poor, together. Here no man prefers another because of his faith, or despises him because of his color. . . Among these men there is no discrimination, no prejudice, no hatred. Theirs is the highest and purest democracy. ” “Too much blood has gone into this soil for us to let it lie barren. Too much pain and heartache have fertilized the earth on which we stand. We here solemnly swear: it shall not be in vain. Out of this will come, we promise, the birth of a new freedom for the sons of men everywhere. ”

Robert E. Cushman Professor, Cornell University Member of Truman’s Committee on Civil Rights, 1948 . . . the nation finds itself the most powerful spokesman for the democratic way of life, as opposed to the principles of a totalitarian state. It is unpleasant to have the Russians publicize our continuing lynchings, our Jim Crow statutes and customs, our anti-Semitic discriminations and our witch-hunts; but is it undeserved?

Little Rock, 1957 “The tale of the American racists, who abuse human dignity and stoop to the level of animals, must be told. ” Izvestia, (Dudziak, p. 123). . . “this situation is ruining our foreign policy. The effect of this in Asia and Africa will be worse for us than Hungary was for the Russians. ” John Foster Dulles, 1957 (Dudziak, p. 131)

Herbert L. Block (Herblock) Washington Post- April, 1956

John F. Kennedy June 11, 1963 We preach freedom around the world, and we mean it, and we cherish our freedom here at home, but are we to say to the world, and much more importantly, to each other that this is a land of the free except for the Negroes; that we have no second-class or caste system, no ghettoes, no master race except with respect to Negroes?

Fighting Communism With Jazz: State Department Aims Essential Question “Why did policymakers feel for the first time in history that the country should be represented by jazz? ” Penny Von Eschen Satchmo Blows Up the World

Why Jazz?

Paving the Way for Jazz Diplomacy

Steps on the Road to Jazz Diplomacy

Constant Controversy “I never heard so much noise in all my life. . . To send such jazz as Mr. Gillespie, I can assure you that instead of doing good it will do harm and the people will really believe we are barbarians. ” Senator Allen J. Ellender of Louisiana

Aims of the Jazz Musicians

Paradoxical Role of Jazz Musicians as Ambassadors “For the past 25 years, social protest and pride in the history of the Negro have been the most significant themes in what we’ve done. ” -Duke Ellington

State Department Tours: Dizzy Gillespie (1956)

Impact of Jazz Diplomacy

State Department Tours Dave Brubeck (1958)

Impact of Jazz Diplomacy

State Department Tours: Louis Armstrong (1960 -1961)

The Real Ambassadors Lyrics by Iola and Dave Brubeck Music by Dave Brubeck

The Real Ambassadors: Dave Brubeck • Born: December 6, 1920 • Died: December 5, 2012 • Performed As: Pianist Bandleader of the Dave Brubeck Quartet US Jazz Ambassador • Contributions to Jazz: Unusual time signatures Contrasting rhythms, meters, tonalities Integrated band Time Out- first jazz album to sell 1 million copies • Strong Convictions • Music: “Blue Rondo à la Turk, ” “The Duke, ” “Travellin’ Blues”

Dave Brubeck NEA Jazz Master Kennedy Center Honoree “One of the reasons I believe in jazz is that the oneness of man come through the rhythm of your heart. It’s the same anyplace in the world, that heartbeat. It’s the first thing you hear when you’re born – or before you’re born – and it’s the last thing you hear. ”

The Real Ambassadors: Collaboration and Significance of Louis Armstrong Born: August 4, 1901 Died: July 6, 1971 Performed As: Trumpeter, singer, bandleader Contributions to Jazz: • • Father of modern jazz trumpetrange, clarity of tone First jazz soloist Vocalist Scat World renowned entertainer “Ambassador Satch” First jazz musician on cover of Time magazine Music: “West End Blues” “Hello Dolly, ” “Wonderful World”

Creating The Real Ambassadors

The Real Ambassadors

Consider: • How can you use jazz to enrich your students’ understanding of history? • How will the session help you teach Common Core College and Career Readiness standards?

What to know more about Jazz from A to Z? Come to our poster session! Exhibit Hall Saturday from 10: 00 -11: 00 Visit the Jazz from A to Z website! Jazzfrom. Ato. Z. Mesa. Arts. Center. com

Slide Credits Slide Number 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. Hutchinson album collection Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, p. 3 Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, p. 10 Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, p. 29 http: //www. npr. org/templates/story. php? story. Id=14091050 Dudziak, pgs. 123, 131 Library of Congress- http: //www. loc. gov/exhibits/herblock/ Dudziak, Cold War Civil Rights, pgs. 179 -180 Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World http: //www. meridian. org/jazzambassadors/ Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement- Images, Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World Library of Congress- James J, Kriegman, National Archives and Records Administration Hutchinson cd collection, Wikimedia Commons- Voice of America Wikimedia Commons- Library of Congress Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World

Slide Credits Slide Number 15. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World, Hutchinson album collection 16. Hutchinson album collection 17. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World 18. Turkish Culture and Tourism Office and Turkish Airlines Ad in NY Times (4/28/2013), Hutchinson album collection 19. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World 20. Hutchinson album collection 21. Library of Congress- Carl Van Vechten 22. New York Times, Dave Brubeck Obituary December 5, 2012 23. Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World 24. http: //www. biography. com/blog/remembering-dave-brubeck-and-the-real-ambassadors 21056437 25. Hutchinson album collection, Jam Session: America’s Jazz Ambassadors Embrace the World