The Protestant Reformation early 1500 s A religious
- Slides: 6
The Protestant Reformation (early 1500 s) • A religious revolution • ________ driven • Split the Roman Catholic Church in western Europe • CAUSES: – Popes lost sight of spiritual mission – Political leaders & warriors – Wealth more important than saving souls
Origins of the Reformation • Germany due to weak central government • Pope Leo X built St. Peter’s Basilica • Raised funds by selling indulgences – Reward for pious deeds * Purchase a pardon for sins to reduce time in purgatory • Martin Luther protests abuses – 95 Theses
Martin Luther’s Protest • Considered himself a sinner • Became a monk • Church rituals did nothing to rid him of his feelings of damnation • Epiphany: an inner faith in god leads to salvation • 95 Theses (1517) – Protests Church abuses; esp of indulgences – Nailed to the door of the Church in Wittenburg • Why?
• Luther’s believes: Lutheranism – “priesthood of believers” – Bible is sole religious authority – Ceremonies did NOT counteract sins – Priests have no role in salvation • 1520: 3 publications that outlined his doctrines • 1521: Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther – Charles V – Diet of Worms • 1522: translated New Testament into German • By 1534: translated entire Bible from Hebrew & Greek • New ministers can baptize and give communion "Unless I am convicted by scripture and plain reason - I do not accept the authority of the popes and councils, for they have contradicted each other - my conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and I will not recant anything for to go against conscience is neither right nor safe. God help me. Amen. "
Spread of Protestantism • Lutheranism and other Protestant faiths sprang up all over Europe • 1555: Peace at Augsburg – Charles V stopped attempts to end Protestant movement – each German ruler could choose its religion • Subjects had to accept religion or leave • Sects: 100 s of religious groups emerged. Few succeeded. • Anabaptists survived thru Mennonites & Baptists – Adults only can be baptized
Anglican Church (1529 -1536) • King Henry VIII • “Defender o/t Faith” • Henry VIII wanted a divorce – Church refuses – No son w/ Catherine of Aragon (Charles V aunt) – Married Anne Boleyn – 6 wives in total • King Edward VI – watch “The Tudors” • Parliament creates the Anglican Church – aka: Church of England – w/ king as its head • Protestant doctrine w/ Catholic organization
