The Prophets Why the need for Prophets Wasnt
- Slides: 29
The Prophets Why the need for Prophets? Wasn’t God’s Word enough? 1. Persistent Rebellion 2. Religious Compromise 3. Moral Collapse, from top down 4. Changing Social Order 5. Changing International Scene
The Prophets Basic Premise of Prophecy: There are 2 realms in the universe 1. Divine 2. Human How will communication take place between them?
The Prophets Man’s Way: Reach to God • Signs • Divination / Magic • Necromancy: communing with dead
The Prophets God’s Way: God reaching to man. (See Numbers 12: 6) • Vision • Dream (Joseph, Daniel) • Voice
The Prophets What was a prophet? 1. Prophet (nabi): One who speaks for God 2. Seer (roeh): One who sees as God sees
The Prophets General Functions of a Prophet 1. Forth-telling: Forth-telling Spokesmen for God 2. Fore-telling: Fore-telling Forecasters of future events
Role of Prophets vs. Priests Prophets: 1. Called for specific task 2. Represents God to the people 3. Minister to the people in the cities and countryside 4. Concerned with internal righteousness of heart 5. Teachers as “Reformers” Priests: 1. Appointed for life 2. Represents the people before God 3. Minister to the people in the Temple 4. Concerned with religious ritual of outward symbols 5. Teachers as “informers”
The Prophets Prophetic Beginnings 1. Abraham Genesis 20: 7 2. Moses Deut 18; Exodus 20: 18 -21 3. Samuel Sam 3: 20 1
The Prophets Classes of Prophets 1. Oral (Speaking) Prophets Primarily: 10 th-9 th century B. C. Primarily: Prophets to the Kings • Elijah 1 Kings 17 -19 • Elisha 1 Kings 19
The Prophets 2. Classical (Writing) Prophets Primarily: 8 th & 7 th century B. C. Primarily: Prophets to the people • Major: Isaiah, Jeremiah • Minor: Amos, Hosea, Micah
Themes of Prophets 1. Ethical Themes • Repent / Return to God b. Wv (Joel 2: 12 ff) • Personal Holiness: justice, mercy, humility (Micah 6: 6 -8; Is 1: 10 -17) 2. Eschatological Themes • Coming of the “Day of the LORD” (Is 2, Joel 2) • Coming of the Messiah / Messianic Age (Is. 9: 1 -7, 42: 1 -4, 52: 13 -53: 12; Jer 31: 31 -34) • Judgment on unbelievers /Salvation on God’s People
The United Monarchy Dates (BC) Prophets of United Israel 1020 -1000 Samuel 975 -960 Nathan The Divided Kingdoms Dates (BC) Israel (Northern) | Judah (Southern) Dates (BC) 870 -850 Elijah | x x 850 -800 Elisha x x 750 -745 Amos | [Jonah] [740 -730] 750 -745 Hosea | x x | Isaiah of Jerusalem 742 -700 | Micah 722 -701 | Zephaniah 628 -622 | Jeremiah 626 -586 | Nahum 612 | Habakkuk 605 | Ezekiel 593 -573 | Obadiah c. 586/5 | Isaiah 40 -55 540 | Haggai 520 -515 | Zechariah 520 -515 | Isaiah 56 -66 515 -500 | Joel 500 -350? | Malachi 500 -450 | Jonah 450 -400 x x |
The Major Prophets Isaiah n Jeremiah (and Book of Lamentations) n Ezekiel n Daniel n
Prophet: Isaiah Name: Isaiah means: The LORD is salvation Dating of Events: Isaiah 1: 1 • Internationally, Internationally the setting was the rise of Assyria under Tiglath-Pileser, Sargon, Shalmanezer and destruction of Northern Israel in 722 B. C. • Nationally, Nationally Death of King Uzziah (740 B. C. ), Jotham, rise of King Ahaz (743 -728 B. C. ), and Hezekiah (728 -697).
Prophet: Isaiah Book Outline: Isaiah 1 -39 Book of Judgment Isaiah 40 -66 Book of Comfort Important Passages: Call of Isaiah 6 Sign of Immanuel 7 -9 Comfort 40 Servant Songs 40 -53
Prophet: Jeremiah Name: Jeremiah means: The LORD appoints Dating of Events: Jeremiah 1: 1 -3 In the 13 th Year of Josiah [Jehoahaz; not mentioned] In the Days of Jehoiakim [Jehoichin; not mentioned] Until the 11 th year of Zedehiah 640 -609 B. C. 3 month reign 609 -598 B. C. 3 month reign 598 -587 B. C. • Jeremiah served from 627 -587 B. C.
Prophet: Jeremiah • Overview of Jeremiah Prophetic Utterances (Poetry) Jeremiah the Preacher Chap 1 -25 Chap 30 -31 Chap 26 -29 Chap 46 -51 Chap 32 -45 Autobiographical (Prose) Jeremiah the Person Chap 52
Prophet: Jeremiah • The Call Chap 1: 4 -10 • The Warnings of Israel’s Sin • The Temple Sermon Chap 2 Chap 7 Chap 26 • Five Laments 11: 18 -12: 6 Plot against Jeremiah 15: 10 -21 Prosperity of Wicked 17: 14 -18 Jeremiah’s Loneliness 18: 18 -23 Another Plot 20: 7 -18 Jeremiah’s Call
Prophet: Jeremiah • The False Prophets Chap 27 -29 • The New Covenant Chap 30 -31
Prophet: Ezekiel Name Ezek: Be Strong El: God Either as a prayer; May the Lord Strengthen Or A statement; The Lord will strengthen
Prophet: Ezekiel Vocation Priest Dating and Place of Ministry • It is interesting that the entire ministry of Ezekiel takes place outside of the boundary of Palestine in Babylon (597 -571 B. C. ). . . But there are times when he speaks (or has a vision) as if he was in Jerusalem.
Prophet: Ezekiel Visions of God’s Glory Chap 1 -3 Vision of God as He sits on the throne Chap 8 -11 Vision of God departing the Temple Chap 40 -48 Vision of God returning to New Temple
Prophet: Ezekiel Outline of Ezekiel Chap 1 -3 Call of Ezekiel Chap 4 -24 Oracles of Judgment against Judah/Jerusalem Chap 25 -32 Oracles against other Nations Chap 33 -48 Prophecies of Hope to exiles
Prophet: Daniel Name: Daniel means: God is judge Dating of Events: • Dan 1: 1 606 B. C. Daniel’s deportation • Dan 2: 1 603 Daniel’s interpretation • Dan 5: 31 539 Daniel’s handwriting • Dan 6: 1 538 Daniel in Lion’s den • See also 7: 1, 8: 1, 9: 1, 10: 1
Daniel - Traditional P r o l o g u e Material: Historical Prophetic Chap 1 2: 1 6: 28 7: 1 12: 13
Daniel - Traditional P r o l o g u e Chap 1 2: 1 Activity: Daniel Interprets Others’ Dreams Angel Interprets Daniel’s Dreams Causation 6: 28 7: 1 12: 13
Daniel Big Picture Question: Question Precisely, how does 2 -6 relate to 7 -12? P r o l o g u e Chap 1 History: Theology of History Visions: Theology of Eschaton God has acted graciously to the faithful and punished the proud 2: 1 We can wait faithfully, for God holds the future 6: 28 7: 1 12: 13
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