The Project CONFORM COnstruction of a Nonscaling FFAG

The Project CONFORM COnstruction of a Nonscaling FFAG for Oncology Research and Medicine Professor Roger Barlow Manchester University and the Cockcroft Institute on behalf of the CONFORM project Project Open day 24 th June 2010 : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project Accelerators The LHC is the best-known particle accelerator But not a typical one : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project Accelerators at work More than 15, 000 accelerators are in use worldwide. More than 97% of these accelerators are commercial • • • Diagnosing and treating cancer Creation of ceramics, insulators, and plastics. Locating oil and minerals in the earth Processing semiconductor chips for computers Sterilizing medical equipment and food products Determining the age of materials through radiocarbon dating : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project The Accelerator Industry IPAC 2010 accelerator conference 75 industrial exhibitors – paying ¥ 300, 000+ each : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project BASROC The British Accelerator Science Radiation and Oncology Consortium A group from industry and academia dedicated to furthering accelerator development in the UK – for hadron therapy and other purposes. Faraday partnership for RF had a lot of input to the process Put together a successful £ 8 M project bid to the “Basic Technology” scheme. Started 3 years ago – 1 year to run. : Aim: to develop the technology of the ns. FFAG Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project Accelerators: Linear v. Circular Electric fields accelerate particles Magnetic fields bend particles into circles Repeated kicks enable the accelerator to be more compact : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project Types of Circular Accelerator As particles get faster it is harder to bend them Cyclotron: circle radius increases Limits: Large, solid magnet Low energy Rate of acceleration limited as only one cavity : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) Synchrotron: magnetic field increases Limits: Low currents (~ 1 bunch at a time) Magnet current keeps changing Rate of acceleration limited: magnet needs time to respond CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project The FFAG Like cyclotron but magnetic field increases further out Like synchrotron but magnetic field increases because the particle moves, not because the current changes “Fixed Field” : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project FFAG: the advantages Pro: Delivers high currents and high energies Magnets smaller (beats cyclotron) and fixed current (beats synchrotron) Can accelerate fast – many cavities, no field limit Con: Complicated shape of magnetic field – can be solved Gentle change of field means large (~1 meter) pipe : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The ns. FFAG The Project Why must the field variation be gentle? To preserve “scaling”. Trajectories are the same shape at all energies, just differing in size. It enables you to keep the tune constant Why is that important? The number of wiggles about the orbit that a particle makes in a turn What’s the “tune”? Why must that be constant? What is a “resonance”? If it is ever integer, the beam will be killed by resonances. When the kick from any imperfection acts at the same point on each cycle. Suppose you move through the resonances so fast that they didn’t have time to build up : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The non-scaling FFAG The Project resonances Damn the torpedoes, full speed ahead! Use many cavities to accelerate fast Bad patches (=resonances=integer tunes) come and go before effects have a chance to build up Can have narrow beam pipe with magnetic field increasing steeply across it This gives us a compact high energy high current simple cheap reliable type of proton accelerator – many applications/markets But does it work? Build a prototype to test the idea. Use electrons as they’re easier to handle. : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

How do we get there? The Project Build Protype electron ns. FFAG Design Protype Proton ns. FFAG Build Commercial Proton ns. FFAG Build Protype electron ns. FFAG Design Protype Proton ns. FFAG Protype key parts of Proton ns. FFAG Discover someone Talk to else has customers already cornered the market Build Commercial Proton ns. FFAGs Talk to customers : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme

The Project The rest of this afternoon • EMMA – the prototype electron ns. FFAG – Rob Edgecock • PAMELA – design of a proton machine – Ken Peach • Applications (1) Medical – Karen Kirkby and Mark Hill • Applications (2) Energy – Bob Cywinski • Opportunities for industry – Liz Towns-Andrews There also posters and people across the corridor : Roger Barlow(Roger. Barlow@manchester. ac. uk) CONFORM Open Day 24 th June 2010 CONFORM is an RCUK-funded Basic Technology Programme