The Progressive Era Urban Poor How the Other

The Progressive Era

Urban Poor How the Other Half Lives (1890), by Jacob Riis

The Problems �Tenement housing �Poor working conditions & Child labor �Corruption in Government �Monopolies of business �Social & Political inequality Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire March 1911 in New York City

Social Progressivism �Improvements in Public Health �Muckrackers Ida Tarbell, History of the Standard Oil Company Lincoln Steffens, The Shame of the Cities Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, (1906) �Vice Reformers 18 th Amendment, (1920)

Social Progressivism

Labor Reforms �Gradual introduction of child labor laws �Muller v. Oregon, (1908) �Eugene V. Debs & the Socialist Party

Labor Reforms �International Workers of the World (IWW) ● Solidarity among all workers ● Lawrence, MA strikes, 1912 ● William “Big Bill” Haywood ● Free speech

“Bread & Roses” As we go marching, in the beauty of the day, A million darkened kitchens, a thousand mill lofts gray, Are touched with all the radiance that a sudden sun discloses, For the people hear us singing: Bread and Roses! As we go marching, we battle too for men, For they are women's children, and we mother them again. Our lives shall not be sweated from birth until life closes; Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses. As we go marching, unnumbered women dead. Go crying through our singing their ancient call for bread. Small art and love and beauty their drudging spirits knew. Yes, it is bread we fight for, but we fight for roses too. As we go marching, we bring the greater days, The rising of the women means the rising of the race. No more the drudge and idler, ten that toil where one reposes, But a sharing of life's glories: Bread and roses, bread and roses. Our lives shall not be sweated from birth until life closes; Hearts starve as well as bodies; bread and roses, bread and roses.

Women Reformers �Rooted in Christianity & missionary work �to combat prostitution �to combat plural marriage �to combat alcohol �to gain the vote

Settlement Houses Jane Addams � Hull House, Chicago 1889 � Rusk Settlement, Houston 1909 � Cross-class alliances � Profession of Social Work

Women’s Rights �Economic Freedom �Labor issues �Feminism �Reproductive rights Emma Goldman & Margaret Sanger �Suffragist Movement 19 th Amendment, (1920)

Political Progressivism �What is government’s role in society? �Business & Anti-trust issues Northern Securities Co. United Mine Workers �Environment & creation of National Parks �Expansion of Democracy 17 th & 19 th Amendments

Corporate Progressivism �Meat Packing industry Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act �Banking Federal Reserve �Professional Organizations American Medical Association

The Progressive Era �Key terms: The Jungle, International Workers of the World, “Bread and Roses”, Margaret Sanger, Northern Securities Co. , Food and Drug Act, American Medical Association