The Progressive Era Amid great political and social

The Progressive Era Amid great political and social change, women gain a larger public role and lead the call for reform. President Theodore Roosevelt dubs his reform policies a Square Deal. Two suffragettes. NEXT

The Progressive Era SECTION 1 The Origins of Progressivism SECTION 2 Women in Public Life SECTION 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal SECTION 4 Progressivism Under Taft SECTION 5 Wilson’s New Freedom NEXT

Section 1 The Origins of Progressivism Political, economic, and social change in late 19 th century America leads to broad progressive reforms. NEXT

• Journal: Pre Question: What needs improvements or reforms in today’s society? Are there ways we could make our citizens lives better? Think of three improvements you would want for Americans. (examples: more teachers for smaller class sizes, laptops to each student etc. ) (After class response show “Old America” Power point” for warmup) with details on three pictures

SECTION 1 The Origins of Progressivism Four Goals of Progressivism Concerns of Progressives • Early 1900 s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1890 s • Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement • Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by: - protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement - creating economic reform, fostering efficiency Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 1 continued Four Goals of Progressivism 1. Protecting Social Welfare • Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups • Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children - helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours 2. Promoting Moral Improvement • Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior • Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade Image Continued. . . NEXT

Florence Kelley (September 12, 1859 – February 17, 1932) was an American social and political reformer. Her work against sweatshops and for the minimum wage, eight-hour workdays, and children's rights is widely regarded today. Bonus fact: In 1909 Kelley helped create the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. F_U 4 VGl 1 Jk

WCTU …. and below why the movement didn’t get the prohibition law until 1920?

SECTION 1 continued Four Goals of Progressivism 3. Creating Economic Reform • 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists • Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business 4. Fostering Efficiency • Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient • Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial • Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace • Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines - cause high worker turnover NEXT

SECTION 1 Cleaning Up Local Government Reforming Local Government • Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters • Some cities adopt government by commission of experts • Many use council-manager: people elect council that appoints manager Reform Mayors • Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption • Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies NEXT

ON Reform at the State Level Reform Governors • Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses • Robert M. La Follette is 3 -term governor, then senator of Wisconsin - attacks big business Protecting Working Children • Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better - families need children’s wages • National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions • Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages • Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours Chart Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 1 continued Reform at the State Level Efforts to Limit Working Hours • Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10 -hour workday • Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10 -hour workday for men • Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 1 continued Reform at the State Level Reforming Elections • Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall • Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots • Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law • Recall—voters remove elected official through early election • Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates Image Direct Election of Senators • Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators NEXT

Progressive Era Muckrakers: https: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=GDJc 57 Sd. Py. U https: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=U 2 M 9 i 1 Wy 6 IU

Section 2 Women in Public Life As a result of social and economic change, many women enter public life as workers and reformers. NEXT

SECTION 2 Women in Public Life Women in the Work Force Changing Patterns of Living • Only middle-, upper-class women can devote selves to home, family • Poor women usually have to work for wages outside home Image Farm Women • On Southern, Midwestern farms, women’s roles same as before • Perform household tasks, raise livestock, help with crops Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 2 continued Women in the Work Force Women in Industry • After 1900, 1 in 5 women hold jobs; 25% in manufacturing • 50% industrial workers in garment trade; earn half of men’s wages • Jobs in offices, stores, classrooms require high school education • Business schools train bookkeepers, stenographers, typists Domestic Workers • In 1870, 70% of employed women do domestic work • Many African-American, immigrant women do domestic labor - married immigrants take in piecework, boarders NEXT

SECTION 2 Women Lead Reform Women Get Involved • Many female industrial workers seek to reform working conditions • Women form cultural clubs, sometimes become reform groups Women in Higher Education • Many women active in public life have attended new women’s colleges • 50% college-educated women never marry; many work on social reforms Image Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 2 continued Women Lead Reform Women and Reform • Women reformers target workplace, housing, education, food, drugs • National Association of Colored Women (NACW)— child care, education • Susan B. Anthony of National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. (NAWSA) - works for woman suffrage, or right to vote A Three-Part Strategy for Suffrage • 1. Convince state legislatures to give women right to vote • 2. Test 14 th Amendment—states lose representation if deny men vote • 3. Push for constitutional amendment to give women the vote Map NEXT

Web for women! Create your own Web of women’s issues and key people from this section…. Link specific web strands between specific people and the groups or reforms they helped. Include at least 10 details in your web…Possible alternate activity: women’s suffrage poster or flag! (baby shields, big hats and long dresses on the march!

Section 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal As president, Theodore Roosevelt works to give citizens a Square Deal through progressive reforms. NEXT

SECTION 3 Teddy Roosevelt’s Square Deal A Rough-Riding President Roosevelt’s Rise • Theodore Roosevelt has sickly childhood, drives self in athletics • Is ambitious, rises through New York politics to become governor • NY political bosses cannot control him, urge run for vice-president The Modern Presidency • President Mc. Kinley shot; Roosevelt becomes president at 42 • His leadership, publicity campaigns help create modern presidency • Supports federal government role when states do not solve problems - Square Deal—Roosevelt’s progressive reforms Image NEXT

10 Interesting Facts About Theodore Roosevelt 10. First to leave the country Roosevelt was the first president to travel outside of the continental United States while in office. In 1906, he traveled to Panama. 9. Church and State Although Roosevelt had been a Sunday school teacher, he believed strongly in the separation of Church and State. While taking the oath of office during his inauguration after Mc. Kinley’s assassination, he did not swear on the Bible. When the $20 gold coin was designed in 1907, the words “In God We Trust” were not present. In a letter written by Roosevelt, he said it was irreverent to have the words printed on the coins because the money was used to buy worldly goods and services. After public outcry, Congress passed legislation requiring “In God We Trust” be restored to all U. S. coins which it had been previously printed on. 8. Nobel Peace Prize In 1906, Roosevelt was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role of negotiator in the Russo-Japanese War. He was the first American to win the Nobel Prize. 7. A multitasking homeschooler Roosevelt’s education was mostly homeschooling by his parents and tutors. He was an avid reader and developed a photographic memory. It is said he was a great multitasker, able to dictate letters and memos to two separate secretaries while browsing through a book at the same time. 6. Just call me TR President Roosevelt was the first president to be commonly known by his initials. 5. Boxing injury Roosevelt was blind in his left eye, the result of a boxing injury he sustained while in office. 4. Skinny-dipper Roosevelt was known to go skinny-dipping in the Potomac River during the wintertime. 3. First in flight On October 11, 1910, Roosevelt took a four minute flight in a plane built by the Wright brothers, making him the first president to fly in an airplane. 2. Youngest President Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest president, assuming the office at the age of 42 after President Mc. Kinley was assassinated. John F. Kennedy was the youngest president to be elected to office. He was 43 when he became president. 1. You can’t kill a Bull Moose On October 14, 1912, Roosevelt was campaigning in Milwaukee, Wisconsin when a local saloon-keeper shot him. The bullet lodged in his chest after passing through a jacket pocket containing his steel eyeglass case and a copy of his 50 page speech which had been folded in half. Being an anatomist, Roosevelt concluded that since he wasn’t coughing blood the bullet had not penetrated the chest wall into his lung. He declined immediate treatment and gave his 90 minute speech with blood seeping from the wound into his shirt. “Ladies and gentlemen, I don’t know whether you fully understand that I have just been shot, ” Roosevelt said, “but it takes more than that to kill a Bull Moose. ”

SECTION 3 Using Federal Power Trustbusting • By 1900, trusts control about 4/5 of U. S. industries • Roosevelt wants to curb trusts that hurt public interest - breaks up some trusts under Sherman Antitrust Act 1902 Coal Strike • Coal reserves low; forces miners, operators to accept arbitration • Sets principle of federal intervention when strike threatens public Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 3 continued Using Federal Power Railroad Regulation • Roosevelt pushes for federal regulation to control abuses - Elkins Act—stops rebates, sudden rate changes - Hepburn Act—limits passes, ICC to set maximum rates NEXT

SECTION 3 Health and the Environment Regulating Foods and Drugs • Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle—unsanitary conditions in meatpacking • Roosevelt commission investigates, backs up Sinclair’s account • Roosevelt pushes for Meat Inspection Act: - dictates sanitary requirements - creates federal meat inspection program Pure Food and Drug Act • Food, drug advertisements make false claims; medicines often unsafe • Pure Food and Drug Act halts sale of contaminated food, medicine - requires truth in labeling Continued. . . NEXT

The Jungle: pics and VLA activity: Die role double 6 s for details on “Upton Sinclair and The Jungle” VLA from United streaming….

SECTION 3 continued Health and the Environment Conservation and Natural Resources • 1887, U. S. Forest Bureau established, manages 45 million acres • Private interests exploit natural environment Conservation Measures • Roosevelt sets aside forest reserves, sanctuaries, national parks • Believes conservation part preservation, part development for public Map NEXT

SECTION 3 Roosevelt and Civil Rights at the Turn of the 20 th Century • Roosevelt does not support civil rights for African Americans • Supports individual African Americans in civil service - invites Booker T. Washington to White House • NAACP—National Association for the Advancement of Colored People - goal is full equality among races • Founded 1909 by W. E. B. Du Bois and black, white reformers Image NEXT

Show TR VLA and get 10 plus details …. for section review project in next slide http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v =Zr 3 g 3 j 5 Ceg. E http: //www. youtube. com/watc h? v=Mxpnb 7 Zx. HFU

Group Review Activity: In your groups of 2 or 3 Collaborate and create an mini movie poster as if you were creating a full page ad for an upcoming TV miniseries featuring aspects of 1950 s. Cover information from this section. Could cover: Life of Teddy Roosevelt and his accomplishments, food and Drug reforms, etc… Get Creative!! Include at least 6 key details for your miniseries

Section 4 Progressivism Under Taft’s ambivalent approach to progressive reform leads to a split in the Republican Party and the loss of the presidency to the Democrats. NEXT

Journal/Group Survey: Would any of you ever seriously want to run for the office of president of the United States? Why or why not? Positives and negatives of the job?

SECTION 4 Progressivism under Taft Becomes President Taft Stumbles • 1908, Republican William Howard Taft wins with Roosevelt’s support • Has cautiously progressive agenda; gets little credit for successes • Does not use presidential bully pulpit to arouse public opinion Continued. . . NEXT

Interesting Facts About William Taft 10. Play ball! Taft was the first president to throw the first ball of baseball season, beginning a tradition that continues today. The game was a 1910 game between the Washington Senators and the Philadelphia Athletics. The Senators won 3 -0. 9. Tone deaf Taft was tone deaf and had to be nudged whenever the national anthem was played. 8. First to own a car Taft was the first president to own a car. He converted the stables into a garage. 7. Last to have a cow Taft was the last president to keep a cow at the White House to provide fresh milk. Her the name was Pauline. 6. The loneliest place Once, when commenting about the White House, Taft called it “loneliest place in the world”. 5. A new courthouse Taft successfully argued for the construction of the U. S. Supreme Court building. He felt that the Supreme Court should distance itself from Congress since it was a separate branch of the government. Prior to then, the Supreme Court heard cases in the Capitol building. 4. A big man At over 330 pounds, Taft was the heaviest president. Once, he got stuck in the White House bath tub and required six aides to pull him free. The tub was replaced with a new one large enough to hold four men. 3. First in Arlington William Taft was the first president to be buried in Arlington National Cemetery. President John Kennedy is the only other president to be buried there. 2. Chief Justice Taft is the only president to ever serve as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, making him the only person to have ever lead both the Executive and Judicial branches of the United States government. Taft considered his time as Chief Justice to be the highest point of his career, higher than that of being president. 1. The only president to swear Taft is the only former president to ever have sworn in a president. While serving as Chief Justice, Taft administered the Oath of Office to President Calvin Coolidge in 1925 and President Herbert Hoover in 1929.

SECTION 4 continued Taft Becomes President The Payne-Aldrich Tariff • Taft signs Payne-Aldrich Tariff—compromise bill, moderate tariffs • Progressives angry, think he abandoned low tariffs, progressivism Disputing Public Lands • Conservationists angry Richard A. Ballinger named interior secretary - Ballinger puts reserved lands in public domain • Interior official protests action, is fired, writes magazine exposé • Gifford Pinchot head of U. S. Forest Service - testifies against Ballinger - is fired by Taft NEXT

SECTION 4 The Republican Party Splits Problems within the Party • Republicans split over Taft’s support of House Speaker Joseph Cannon • Cannon weakens progressive agenda; progressives ally with Democrats • 1910 midterm elections, Democrats get control of House Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 4 continued The Republican Party Splits The Bull Moose Party • 1912 convention, Taft people outmaneuver Roosevelt’s for nomination • Progressives form Bull Moose Party; nominate Roosevelt, call for: - more voter participation in government - woman suffrage - labor legislation, business controls • Runs against Democrat Woodrow Wilson, reform governor of NJ NEXT

SECTION 4 Democrats Win in 1912 The Election • Wilson endorses progressive platform called the New Freedom - wants stronger antitrust laws, banking reform, lower tariffs - calls all monopolies evil • Roosevelt wants oversight of big business; not all monopolies bad • Socialist Party candidate Eugene V. Debs wants to end capitalism • Wilson wins great electoral victory; gets majority in Congress Chart NEXT

http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t. Ba. Fg oii. Fh. Q Memory game at super speed! List as many details as you can recall from the above briefing on president Taft!

Section Review: Enter a state of Venn……Compare Taft to Teddy Roosevelt (from section 2 in a Venn Diagram… How were they similar? What different issues did each face? What different accomplishments did each achieve?

Section 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Woodrow Wilson establishes a strong reform agenda as a progressive leader. NEXT

Group Survey Question: Should everyone in a town have to pay taxes in order to fund (pay for) the local schools even if many homeowners don’t have children in the local schools? Why or why not? What about income taxes on all to pay for the military or repair of highways (even if someone is against war or never drives?

SECTION 5 Wilson’s New Freedom Wilson Wins Financial Reforms Wilson’s Background • Wilson was lawyer, professor, president of Princeton, NJ governor • As president, focuses on trusts, tariffs, high finance Image Two Key Antitrust Measures • Clayton Antitrust Act stops companies buying stock to form monopoly • Ends injunctions against strikers unless threaten irreparable damage • Federal Trade Commission (FTC)—new “watchdog” agency - investigates regulatory violations - ends unfair business practices Continued. . . NEXT

SECTION 5 continued Wilson Wins Financial Reforms A New Tax System • Wilson pushes for Underwood Act to substantially reduce tariffs • Sets precedent of giving State of the Union message in person • His use of bully pulpit leads to passage Federal Income Tax • Sixteenth Amendment legalizes graduated federal income tax Federal Reserve System • Federal Reserve System—private banking system under federal control • Nation divided into 12 districts; central bank in each district NEXT

SECTION 5 Women Win Suffrage Local Suffrage Battles • College-educated women spread suffrage message to working-class • Go door-to-door, take trolley tours, give speeches at stops - some adopt bold tactics of British suffragists Catt and the National Movement • Carrie Chapman Catt, head of NAWSA, stresses organization, lobbying • National Woman’s Party aggressively pressures for suffrage amendment • Work of patriotic women in war effort influences politicians • 1920 Nineteenth Amendment grants women right to vote Image NEXT

SECTION 5 The Limits of Progressivism Wilson and Civil Rights • As candidate, wins support of NAACP for favoring civil rights • As president, opposes antilynching legislation • Appoints fellow white Southerners to cabinet who extend segregation • NAACP feels betrayed; Wilson self-defense widens rift The Twilight of Progressivism • Outbreak of World War I distracts Americans; reform efforts stall NEXT

*Could not read during the first decade of his life. Though undiagnosed, he may have suffered from a learning disability. **Was known as "Tommy" until his college years. **During his boyhood, helped establish the "Lightfoot Baseball Club" with his friends. *Wilson played second base and was an avid sport fan throughout his adult life. *Was the first president to attend the Major League Baseball Fall Classic. He saw the debut of a young 20 year old pitcher by the name of George Herman "Babe" Ruth. *Was a graduate of Princeton University and Johns Hopkins University and the only president to hold an earned doctoral degree. *Image is on the $100, 000 bill although it is no longer in circulation

Time for that dastardly memory game kids! (you juts don’t see the word dastardly anymore) http: //www. youtube. com/wat ch? v=0 XDe. Qf. Ibn. Ac&featur e=relmfu After the VLA: Recall and list as many details on President Wilson as possible in the time allotted…. Review game on chapter 17 after this on My not so smart board…

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