THE PROCESS OF INFECTION GROWTH REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROORGANISMS

THE PROCESS OF INFECTION • GROWTH REQUIREMENTS FOR MICROORGANISMS • OXYGEN • LACK OF OR NO OXYGEN • MOISTURE • NUTRITION • TEMPERATURE • DARKNESS • TIME • NEUTRAL OR SLIGHTLY ALKALINE PH

THE BODY’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS FOR FIGHTING INFECTION AND DISEASE • THE BODY’S NATURAL BARRIERS • PHYSICAL • FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE • SKIN AND ASSOCIATED ACCESSORIES • CHEMICAL • TEARS, SWEAT, MUCUS, SALIVA, GASTROINTESTINAL SECRETIONS, VAGINAL SECRETIONS • CELLULAR • WHITE BLOOD CELLS

THE BODY’S DEFENSE MECHANISMS FOR FIGHTING INFECTION AND DISEASE • INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE • RESPONSE WHEN BODY INVADED BY PATHOGEN OR PHYSICAL TRAUMA • NONSPECIFIC RESPONSE • REDNESS, HEAT, SWELLING, PAIN • ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY

DISEASE TRANSMISSION • CONSIDER EACH PATIENT POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS FOR AIDS, HEPATITIS B AND C, OTHER BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS • APPLY TECHNIQUES OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

HIV AND HEPATITIS B AND C • HIV AND AIDS • AIDS CAUSED BY BLOODBORNE VIRUS HIV • HIV RESPONSIBLE FOR T-CELL DESTRUCTION • CARRIED IN SEMEN, BLOOD, OTHER BODY FLUIDS • NO CURATIVE TREATMENT OF HIV INFECTIONS • ANTIVIRAL DRUGS USED TO SLOW PROCESS

HIV AND HEPATITIS B AND C • ACUTE VIRAL HEPATITIS DISEASES • LIVER INFLAMED; HEPATIC CELLS DESTROYED • SEVERAL TYPES OF VIRAL HEPATITIS • RISK FOR CONTRACTING HBV AND HCV GREATER THAN FOR CONTRACTING HIV • NO VACCINE TO PREVENT HCV • NO TREATMENT AFTER EXPOSURE TO PREVENT INFECTION • MEDICATION: IMMUNOMODULATORS

REPORTING INFECTIOUS DISEASE • CERTAIN INFECTIOUS DISEASES MUST BE REPORTED TO STATE AND COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENTS • CDC REQUIRES INFORMATION REPORTED TO THEM • NOTIFIABLE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM • HELPS CDC CONTROL SPREAD OF INFECTION

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS • BLOOD, SECRETIONS, EXCRETIONS • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT • GLOVES, MASK, GOWN, GOGGLES/FACE SHIELD • NEEDLESTICK • CONTAMINATED NEEDLES NEVER RECAPPED, BROKEN OFF, REMOVED FROM SYRINGES, MANIPULATED • DISPOSED OF IN APPROVED PUNCTURE-PROOF CONTAINER DESIGNATED FOR SHARPS

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • BLOOD • ALL BODY FLUIDS, SECRETIONS, EXCRETIONS REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THEY CONTAIN VISIBLE BLOOD • NONINTACT SKIN • MUCOUS MEMBRANES PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) >>

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • TRANSMISSIONBASED PRECAUTIONS • AIRBORNE, CONTACT, DROPLET PRECAUTIONS • USE OF BARRIERS (GOWN, MASK, GOGGLES, GLOVES, CAP) BIOHAZARD PUNCTUREPROOF SHARPS CONTAINER>>

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • DISPOSAL OF INFECTIOUS WASTE • ITEMS IN CONTACT WITH PATIENT BLOOD OR BODY FLUIDS • PLACE IN APPROPRIATE BIOHAZARD CONTAINERS • INCINERATED (BURNED) OR STERILIZATION BY AUTOCLAVE

REMOVING CONTAMINATED GLOVES

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • FEDERAL ORGANIZATIONS AND INFECTION CONTROL • CDC: STUDIES PATHOGENS AND DISEASES • STANDARD PRECAUTIONS • TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS • GUIDELINE FOR ISOLATION PRECAUTIONS • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) • RESPIRATORY HYGIENE/COUGH ETIQUETTE

OSHA REGULATIONS • THE BLOODBORNE PATHOGEN STANDARD • METHODS OF COMPLIANCE TO PREVENT EXPOSURE • UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS • ENGINEERING AND WORK PRACTICE CONTROLS • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) • CLEANLINESS OF WORK AREAS • HEPATITIS B VACCINE • FOLLOW-UP AFTER EXPOSURE • MEDICAL RECORDS

MEDICAL ASEPSIS • HAND WASHING • CLEANING AND DISINFECTING CONTAMINATED SURFACES • STANDARD AND TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTIONS

MEDICAL ASEPSIS • DISINFECTION: DOES NOT NECESSARILY KILL ALL MICROORGANISMS, ESPECIALLY RESISTANT BACTERIAL SPORES; IT IS LESS EFFECTIVE THAN STERILIZATION, WHICH IS AN EXTREME PHYSICAL AND/OR CHEMICAL PROCESS THAT KILLS ALL TYPES OF LIFE. • STERILIZATION: THE REMOVAL OF ALL MICROORGANISMS AND OTHER PATHOGENS FROM AN OBJECT OR SURFACE BY TREATING IT WITH CHEMICALS OR SUBJECTING IT TO HIGH HEAT OR RADIATION. STERILIZATION ALSO REFERS TO PROCEDURES THAT RESULT IN INFERTILITY. • SANITIZATION: CLEANING SOMETHING TO MAKE IT FREE OF BACTERIA OR DISEASE CAUSING ELEMENTS. AN EXAMPLE OF SANITIZING IS WIPING A COUNTER WITH A BLEACH SOLUTION. MEDICAL ASSISTANT SANITIZING INSTRUMENT>>

BIOTERRORISM • USE OF BIOLOGIC WEAPONS (PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS) TO CREATE FEAR • AGENTS CAN SPREAD THROUGH AIR, FOOD, WATER • CAN BE VERY DIFFICULT TO DETECT AND DIFFICULT TO PROTECT AGAINST • MOST DANGEROUS: ANTHRAX, BOTULISM, PNEUMONIC/BUBONIC PLAGUE, SMALLPOX, TULAREMIA

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