The Present Subjunctive Mood The Indicative Mood l
The Present Subjunctive Mood
The Indicative Mood l. Up to now you have been using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.
The Indicative Mood l. Yo aprendo español para mi viaje a España. l. I am learning Spanish for my trip to Spain.
The Subjunctive Mood l. Spanish has another way of using verbs called the subjunctive mood. It is still present tense.
The Subjunctive Mood l We use it to say what one person wants, suggests, recommends, advises, or demands that someone else do.
The Subjunctive Mood l. A sentence that includes the subjunctive form has two halves (clauses) connected by the word que.
The Subjunctive Mood l The first subject uses the present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, demand, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).
The Subjunctive l. Yo quiero que tú respires lentamente. l. I want you to breathe slowly.
The Subjunctive l. Yo sugiero que tú bebas agua antes de correr. l. I suggest that you drink water before running.
The Subjunctive l. El entrenador exige que los atletas estiren los músculos. l. The trainer demands that the athletes stretch their muscles.
2 Halves(Clauses) Ella sugiere que yo evite la grasa. Independent clause (stands on its own) Subject > special verb indicating influence or emotion Indicative Verb Separated by the word “que” Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own) Begins with the word “que. ” Subjunctive Verb
The Subjunctive l You can also suggest more general or impersonal ideas using expressions such as es necesario…es bueno…and es importante…, followed by que and a form of the present subjunctive.
The Subjunctive l Es necesario que tú hagas ejercicio. l It’s necessary that you exercise. l Es importante que los jóvenes coman bien. l It’s important that young people eat well.
FORMATION l To form the subjunctive, use the yo form of the verb in the present indicative and drop the –o. Then apply the opposite vowel (the subjunctive endings).
-AR SUBJUNCTIVE ENDINGS -e -emos -es -éis -e -en
-ER AND –IR SUBJUNCTIVE ENDINGS -a -amos -as -áis -a -an
EL SUBJUNTIVO Verbs with Spelling-Changes
Spelling-changing verbs in the subjunctive buscar busco busque pagar pago pague cruzar cruzo cruce recoger recojo recoja
EL SUBJUNTIVO VERBOS IRREGULARES
Verbos Irregulares - SIDES Ser sea, seas, seamos, seáis, sean Ir vaya, vayas, vayamos, vayáis, vayan Dar dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den Estar esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén Saber sepa, sepas, sepamos, sepáis, sepan 20
Verbs with spelling changes l. Verbs ending in –car, -gar, and –zar have the usual spelling changes in order to maintain the original sound of the infinitive.
EL SUBJUNTIVO STEM-CHANGING VERBS
-AR and –ER Stem-changing Verbs No stem change in nosotros/vosotros e ie pensar pienses piense pensemos penséis piensen o - ue mover muevas mueva movamos mováis muevan u - ue jugar juegues juegue juguemos juguéis jueguen
-IR Stem-changing Verbs TWO Stem-changes dormir o >ue > u mentir e > i duermas duerma durmamos durmáis duerman mientas mienta mintamos mintáis mientan
E I Stem-changing verbs ONE stem Servir (e i) sirvas sirvamos sirváis sirvan Pedir (e i) pidas pidamos pidáis pidan
FIN
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