The Politics of Persuasion Logos Pathos and Ethos

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The Politics of Persuasion Logos, Pathos and Ethos in Media and Literature

The Politics of Persuasion Logos, Pathos and Ethos in Media and Literature

Looking for Persuasive Strategies • Everyone is trying to convince you of something –

Looking for Persuasive Strategies • Everyone is trying to convince you of something – Commercials – Advertisements – How you get your parents to give you something or allow you to do something • What techniques do people use to persuade an audience? Talk to your neighbor and fill in the following chart.

Strategy Used to Convince Others Result Persuasive Term (to be filled out later)

Strategy Used to Convince Others Result Persuasive Term (to be filled out later)

What is Rhetoric? • Rhetoric is the way we use words in _____ways to

What is Rhetoric? • Rhetoric is the way we use words in _____ways to achieve a desired ____. • Rhetorical strategies are different methods of persuading an _____. They can be divided into three major categories: logos, _____, and ethos.

Logos (L is for Logic) • Logos = Logic • Logos means appealing to

Logos (L is for Logic) • Logos = Logic • Logos means appealing to the audience through the use of ____ or _____. The author attempts to persuade the audience by appealing to their ____. • Ex. If we do not reduce our green house gas emissions by 35% the polar ice caps will melt.

Logos (L is for Logic) • Logos = Logic • Logos means appealing to

Logos (L is for Logic) • Logos = Logic • Logos means appealing to the audience through the use of ___logic___ or ____reason_____. The author attempts to persuade the audience by appealing to their brains. • Ex. If we do not reduce our green house gas emissions by 35% the polar ice caps will melt.

Method Definition Example Allusion Mentioning someone/something from history, _____ or religion; usually the reference

Method Definition Example Allusion Mentioning someone/something from history, _____ or religion; usually the reference is to something with which most audiences would be familiar. Michael Jackson was as significant to the development of music as Elvis Presley or The Beatles. Analogy A comparison that show similarities between otherwise _____ facts or ideas (often an exaggeration). The effects of the polar ice caps melting would be more catastrophic than having another world war. Comparison Contrast Illustrating the ______ or differences between two things. There are significantly more gun-related deaths in the US, where the right to bear arms is protected, than in England, where guns are strictly outlawed. Facts & Figures Statements that can be proven ______; some facts are in the form of statistics, or numerical information. Of the garbage produced each year in the U. S. , 42% is paper.

Pathos (P is for Pathetic) • Pathos = Pathetic (sad) • Pathos means appealing

Pathos (P is for Pathetic) • Pathos = Pathetic (sad) • Pathos means appealing to the audience’s _____. The author uses these strategies to get to the audience’s ____. • Ex. As you sit there chowing down on your cheeseburger and fries, children in Africa die every day from starvation. What will you do about it?

Pathos (P is for Pathetic) • Pathos = Pathetic (sad) • Pathos means appealing

Pathos (P is for Pathetic) • Pathos = Pathetic (sad) • Pathos means appealing to the audience’s ___emotions___. The author uses these strategies to get to the audience’s hearts. • Ex. As you sit there chowing down on your cheeseburger and fries, children in Africa die every day from starvation. What will you do about it?

Method Definition Example Anecdote A short ____ used as an example to illustrate a

Method Definition Example Anecdote A short ____ used as an example to illustrate a point Loaded Words that have extremely positive or negative _______. The people from the town of Maplewood began recycling and were able to lower their taxes and become happier citizens. You would have to be a social delinquent not to care about the environment. Personal Experience An example from ______ that illustrates your main point When I first began recycling in my home, I noticed that nearly half of my garbage could actually be recycled. Repetition Repeating a phrase or sentence We must change the way we act. We for ______ (The idea is must change the way we think. We that your audience will get the must change the way we live. phrase stuck in their heads!) Rhetorical Question A question asked for impact, How can we stand by and do nothing as not because an ______ our environment collapses? is expected.

What is Connotation? • Connotation refers to the positive and negative __feelings__ that we

What is Connotation? • Connotation refers to the positive and negative __feelings__ that we have/associate with words. • Ex. Young adult positive, formal connotation • teenager neutral connotation • punk negative, casual connotation

Ethos (E is for Ethical) • Ethos = Ethical (trust) • Ethos means appealing

Ethos (E is for Ethical) • Ethos = Ethical (trust) • Ethos means appealing to the audience’s sense of _____. Part of this involves the author convincing the audience that he/she is worthy of _____ and is an authority on the topic. The audience needs to believe the author knows ____________! • Ex: Just like Martin Luther King Jr. once had a dream, I too have a dream for this country.

Ethos (E is for Ethical) • Ethos = Ethical (trust) • Ethos means appealing

Ethos (E is for Ethical) • Ethos = Ethical (trust) • Ethos means appealing to the audience’s sense of right and wrong. Part of this involves the author convincing the audience that he/she is worthy of ___trust____ and is an authority on the topic. The audience needs to believe the author knows ___what she’s talking about___! • Ex: Just like Martin Luther King Jr. once had a dream, I too have a dream for this country.

Method Definition Example Call to Action A statement made inviting the So let each

Method Definition Example Call to Action A statement made inviting the So let each of us today make a personal audience to _____; this vow to start recycling. change can be in mind or can involve physical action Expert Opinions Statements made by a recognized ______ on a subject. According to the Platt Institute for Local Self-Reliance, recycling actually costs less than traditional trash collection and disposal. Quotations Using someone else’s _________ as evidence Mahatma Gandhi once said, “You must be the change you wish to see in the word. ” Rebutting a Counterargument _________ an While some argue that recycling is an argument made by someone added burden in our already busy lives, with the opposite point of view recycling should really be seen as a way of ensuring that future generations can enjoy the same quality of life that we do today.

Now It’s Your Turn • Look at the following pictures. In a 3 column

Now It’s Your Turn • Look at the following pictures. In a 3 column chart write down the following. – What you see/feel – What persuasive technique is being used – Is it effective?

See/Feel Persuasive Technique Effective?

See/Feel Persuasive Technique Effective?

What Worked? • Underneath your chart answer the following question. Be sure to use

What Worked? • Underneath your chart answer the following question. Be sure to use the terminology in your notes as well as evidence from your own life and from the class discussion. – Which of these posters was the most eyecatching? Which was the most convincing? Why?

Next Steps – With a Partner • Now, take a look at Creon’s speech

Next Steps – With a Partner • Now, take a look at Creon’s speech to his city after taking the throne and passing his decree that Polyneices should be left to rot. • Analyze his speech in order to identify what techniques he is using to get his main message across. • Fill in the same chart you did for the ads for Creon’s speech using specific details/quotes from the text. • Complete the chart in your notebook.