The Plant Kingdom Important Words to Know Bryophytes

The Plant Kingdom

Important Words to Know Bryophytes, Angiosperms, Gymnosperms Vascular Seed Spore Gametophyte Sporophyte Cone Ovary embryo pollen rhizoid stamen pistil cotyledon haploid diploid

Learning Goals To understand how terrestrial plants are classified To learn the characteristics of the four major types of terrestrial plants To understand the concept of sexual reproduction by alternating generations that occurs in plants

Classifying Plants Seedless Bryophytes Non-vascular plants Plants Vascular

Classifying Seed Producing Plants Gymnosperms Angiosperms

Bryophytes • • • Have no vascular tissue so they have to rely on diffusion and osmosis to get their nutrients Cannot grow tall but can absorb large amounts of water like a sponge They do not have roots but have small structures called rhizoids instead They are the original organisms that were able to leave the water and live on land Example: moss

Bryophyte Reproduction All plants alternate their generations One generation is haploid (male or female) The next is diploid (sperm and egg combine) Bryophytes spend most time in the gametophyte (haploid) stage (see diagram)

Seedless Vascular Plants Can grow taller than bryophytes Some have roots, some do not Sporophyte (diploid) stage is the longest and most prominent Example: ferns

Comparing Bryophytes and Seedless Vascular Plants Bryophytes Very short Don’t have roots No vascular tissue Alternates generations from sporophyte to gametophyte Seedless Vascular Taller May have roots Have vascular tissue Alternates generations from sporophyte to gametophyte

Seed Producing Vascular Plants Gymnosperms Produce seeds that allow it to survive without water Seeds are exposed on cones Do not produce flowers Pollen grains land on female cones releasing sperm for fertilization Example : pine tree Angiosperms Produce seeds that allow it to survive without water Seeds are contained in fruit Produce flowers which contain male and female gametes Flowers contain pollen that contain sperm nuclei that fertilize the egg which is also in the flower Classified as having one or two cotyledons (p. 103) Example: apple tree

Assignment Read Section 3. 2 in text book Answer questions 1, 2, 4 -7, 9 on page 104