The Physical Examination Cattle The Clinical Examination Patient

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The Physical Examination Cattle

The Physical Examination Cattle

The Clinical Examination • • • Patient Data History Environment – verify information General

The Clinical Examination • • • Patient Data History Environment – verify information General Inspection Systematic Physical Examination Detailed Physical Examination

Single Animal VS. Herd

Single Animal VS. Herd

Environment

Environment

Nutrition/Diet

Nutrition/Diet

Facilities/Management

Facilities/Management

Neighbors

Neighbors

Clinical Examination cont. • • • Differential Diagnosis Appropriate Lab tests Diagnosis Treatment Client

Clinical Examination cont. • • • Differential Diagnosis Appropriate Lab tests Diagnosis Treatment Client Education

General Inspection • Need light & space • STAND BACK - LOOK - DON”T

General Inspection • Need light & space • STAND BACK - LOOK - DON”T TOUCH • Observe at rest and critically access

Inspection cont. • • • General appearance & conformation Behavior Facial expression Eye appearance

Inspection cont. • • • General appearance & conformation Behavior Facial expression Eye appearance Body condition Skin & hair coat Respiratory movements Abdomen Stance & Posture Gait

General Appearance • VIEW ALL SIDES • Symmetry muscles/skeleton • Shape • Size -

General Appearance • VIEW ALL SIDES • Symmetry muscles/skeleton • Shape • Size - appropriate for age/breed • Compare abdomen & thorax – deviations from normal? – physiological vs. pathological

General cont. • Conformation - breed variations • Abnormalities: – Head: “parrot mouth” –

General cont. • Conformation - breed variations • Abnormalities: – Head: “parrot mouth” – Limbs: “ base wide”, “winged” elbows, “post legged”, cow hocks, sickle hocks

Behaviour • • Temperament Voice Vices (bad habit) Facial expression

Behaviour • • Temperament Voice Vices (bad habit) Facial expression

Ingestive behaviour • Prehension • Mastication • Swallowing • Regurgitation

Ingestive behaviour • Prehension • Mastication • Swallowing • Regurgitation

Eliminative behaviour

Eliminative behaviour

Appearance of The Eye Appearance of eye • Bright & shinny vs. dull &

Appearance of The Eye Appearance of eye • Bright & shinny vs. dull & cloudy • Position • Discharge • 3 rd eyelid

Body Condition Indicates past health, diet, management & production • Relative to breed, age,

Body Condition Indicates past health, diet, management & production • Relative to breed, age, stage of pregnancy, Lactation. • Be careful with wooly or hairy animals – need to palpate! • Compare to neighbors

Skin & Hair Coat • Indicative of systemic vs. local dz. • Indicates previous

Skin & Hair Coat • Indicative of systemic vs. local dz. • Indicates previous health status

Respiratory Movements • Rate – Temperature, excitement, exercise • Rhythm • Depth – Shallow,

Respiratory Movements • Rate – Temperature, excitement, exercise • Rhythm • Depth – Shallow, deep • Type • Symmetrical vs. asymmetrical movements

Abdomen Size – Increased – Decreased • Shape – Unilateral – Bilateral

Abdomen Size – Increased – Decreased • Shape – Unilateral – Bilateral

Abdominal pings • • Location Size Intensity Persistency

Abdominal pings • • Location Size Intensity Persistency

Stance & Posture • • Arched back Saw-horse Sternal Star gazing Shifting weight Head

Stance & Posture • • Arched back Saw-horse Sternal Star gazing Shifting weight Head & neck extended Leaning back Forelimbs wide apart

Gait • Any abnormalities • Musculoskeletal system • Neurological system

Gait • Any abnormalities • Musculoskeletal system • Neurological system

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