The Philosophy of Antiquity Plan 1 The Conditions
- Slides: 8
The Philosophy of Antiquity
Plan: 1. The Conditions of Origin, Peculiarities and Stages of Development of Ancient Philosophy. 2. The Development of Ideas in “Physical” Schools in Pre-Socratic Philosophy. 3. Ideas and Thinkers in the Classic period. 4. The Hellenistic period of Antiquity.
List of Literature: Basic : Kadnikova L. V. Philosophy. Historical-Philosophical Introduction: the course of lectures. K. : NAU, 2004. Spirkin A. Fundamentals of Philosophy. – Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1990. The Blackwell Companion to Philosophy, Second Edition Edited by Nicholas Bunnin, E. P. Tsui-James Copyright © 1996, 2003 Blackwell Publishers Ltd B. Russel A History of Western Philosophy / B. Russel. – London : George Allen & Unviwn LTD, 2002. — 923 p. Supplementary: J. L. Acrill. Essays on Plato and Aristotle / J. L. Acrill. – New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. — 251 p. John Burnet. Early Greek Philosophy / John Burnet. – [4 ed. ] – London: A. & C. Black, 1952. — 375 p. Roy Burrel. The Greeks / Roy Burrel. – Oxford : Oxford University Press, 1989. — 243 p. Plato. Collected dialogues / Plato : [transl. by Lane Cooper and others]. – Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1961. — 1743 p. Primary sources: Aristotle. Metaphysics / Aristotle : [transl. by W. D. Ross]. — Electronic resource : http: //plato-dialogues. org/ Plato. Republic / Plato : [transl. by G. M. A. Gruber]. — Indianapolis : Hackett Publishing, 1992. — 300 p.
Classical Antiquity Classical antiquity is a broad term for a long period of cultural history centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. It is conventionally taken to begin with the earliest-recorded Greek poetry of Homer (8 -7 th century BC), and continues through the rise of Christianity and the decline of the Roman Empire (5 th century). It ends with the dissolution of classical culture at the close of Late Antiquity (AD 300 -600), blending into the Early Middle Ages (AD 500 -1000).
THE PHILOSOPHY OF ANTIQUITY Sarcophagus with philosopher, Rome, Italy, ca 270 Antique Philosophy was trying to overcome the mythology of feelings with the mythology of reason. This conflict between sensitive-intuitive and rational was intrinsic for all Antique Philosophy and further all European philosophy as well. The most important feature of antique worldview was cosmologism; in particular they laid earthly relations on the world of nature. They considered cosmos the bound of the
Main peculiarities of Antique Philosophy It was dynamic, rational and critical in its character. It was based on cosmologism as the key principle. It was universal, syncretical in its nature that is all problems were solved in their principal unity, indivisibly. Ethical categories were expanded to the whole Universe. Concepts were created and involved into philosophy (Plato’s “ideas”, Aristotle’s “forms”, Stoics’ notion of “sense”, “purport”), at the same time Greeks almost did not know laws of science. The Ethics of Antiquity was mostly ethics of virtues, but not of duties and values as it is now. Philosophy of Antiquity was really practical, guiding people in their behavior and conduct.
Stages of the development of ancient Greek philosophy І – Pre-Socratic natural philosophy (VІ – 1 st half of V с. BC), ІІ – Classic classical philosophy (2 nd half of V – ІV с. BC), ІІІ – Hellenistic - late antique philosophy (end of ІV с. BC – V с. AD).
) To be cotinued at the lecture.
