The pharynx Anatomy of The pharynx Site Midline

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The pharynx

The pharynx

Anatomy of The pharynx Site Midline of the neck Behind : From skull base

Anatomy of The pharynx Site Midline of the neck Behind : From skull base to esophagus Nose In front. The of upper 6 Cervical vertebra The Mouth The larynx Seen from behind

Shape Irregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane Length: 15 cm

Shape Irregular Fibromuscular tube lined by mucous membrane Length: 15 cm

Relation

Relation

Anterior surface of the pharynx

Anterior surface of the pharynx

the pharynx Compartments Seen from behind • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

the pharynx Compartments Seen from behind • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

Seen from lateral • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

Seen from lateral • Nasopharynx • Oropharynx • Laryngopharynx (Hypopharynx)

Muscles of the pharynx • Circular muscles: Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. •

Muscles of the pharynx • Circular muscles: Superior, middle and inferior constrictor muscles. • Longitudinal muscles: stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus • All muscles of the pharynx innerveated by cranial root of accessory nerve except stylopharyngeus which is supplied by glossopharyngeus nerve

Extention

Extention

Three constrictor stylopharyngeus cricopharyngeus

Three constrictor stylopharyngeus cricopharyngeus

Nasopharynx -Behind the nasal cavity -Extends from skull Base superiorly to the soft palate

Nasopharynx -Behind the nasal cavity -Extends from skull Base superiorly to the soft palate inferiorly - Communicates inferiorly with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus - The nasopharyngeal tonsil lies in the roof - The pharyngeal opening of ET lies in the lateral wall

Nasopharynx (important landmarks) • The pharyngeal isthmus • Opening of auditory tube and tubal

Nasopharynx (important landmarks) • The pharyngeal isthmus • Opening of auditory tube and tubal elevation • The salpingopharyngeal fold

Nasopharynx

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx Behind the oral cavity (in front of 2 nd&3 rd Cervical vertebra) From

Oropharynx Behind the oral cavity (in front of 2 nd&3 rd Cervical vertebra) From the soft palate superiorly to tip of epiglottis inferiorly Communicates: Anteriorly with the oral cavity Superiorly with the nasopharynx Inferiorly with the laryngopharynx The paatine tonsils lie laterally between the anterior and posterior pilars

Oropharynx (lateral wall)

Oropharynx (lateral wall)

 • Median epiglottis fold The floor vallecula lateral epiglottis fold

• Median epiglottis fold The floor vallecula lateral epiglottis fold

laryngopharynx Behind the Larynx (in front of 3 rd to 6 th Cervical vertebra)

laryngopharynx Behind the Larynx (in front of 3 rd to 6 th Cervical vertebra) From the tip of epiglottis superiorly to the lower border of cricoid cartilage Inferiorly Communicates: - Anteriorly with the Larynx - Superiorly with the oropharynx - Inferiorly with the esophagus

Seen from behind The hypopharynx does not only lie behind the larynx BUT also

Seen from behind The hypopharynx does not only lie behind the larynx BUT also Projects laterally on each side of the larynx So it is formed of : - Postcricoid region ( behind the larynx) - Two pyriform fossa (on each side of the larynx Cross section

laryngopharynx

laryngopharynx

Blood supply

Blood supply

What is Waldeyer’s ring? The lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal aponeurosis aggregates in some

What is Waldeyer’s ring? The lymphoid tissue in the pharyngeal aponeurosis aggregates in some areas forming tonsils: 1 -one nasopharyngeal tonsil 2 - two palatine tonsils 3 - two lingual tonsils 4 -two tubal tonsils

Lymph drainage

Lymph drainage

Nerve supply

Nerve supply

Nerve Supply Motor ---► XI Except : Stylopharyngeus --►IX Sensory --► - Nasopharynx: V

Nerve Supply Motor ---► XI Except : Stylopharyngeus --►IX Sensory --► - Nasopharynx: V - Oropharynx: IX - Laryngopharynx: X Autonomic: - sympathetic: SCG - Parasympathetic: through VII

Palatine tonsils 1. Defintion 2. Site 3. Covering 4. Variability in size 5. Blood

Palatine tonsils 1. Defintion 2. Site 3. Covering 4. Variability in size 5. Blood supply 6. Lymph drainage

Th e pal ante ato rior glo ssu pillar s m for usc me

Th e pal ante ato rior glo ssu pillar s m for usc me db le y Th ep By os pa teri lat or op pi ha lla ry r fo ng eu rme sm d The tonsils lie between the Two pillars