The Periodic Table of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

The Periodic Table of Elements Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids and Noble Gases

Location of Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids and Nobel Gases • Elements on the left and middle are METALS (except Hydrogen) • Elements on the right are NONMETALS • METALLOIDS form the narrow stair-step area between metals and nonmetals. • The last group (18) to the right are NOBLE GASES

What are Metals, Nonmetals, Metalloids and Nobel Gases? • Metals: Good conductors of heat and electrical current. Most metals are solid at room temperature. (Exception is Mercury – Hg which is a liquid) Chemists classify and define an element as a metal based on its properties.

Physical Properties of Metals Physical Properties: Ø Shininess Ø Malleability Ø Ductile Ø Magnetism Ø Conductivity

Physical Properties of Metals Ø Malleability: A material that can be hammered or rolled into flat sheets and other shapes. Ex. Copper, Aluminum, Gold

Physical Properties of Metals Ø Ductile: A material that can be pulled out or drawn into a long wire. Ex. Copper, Aluminum

Physical Properties of Metals Ø Conductivity: The ability of an object to transfer heat or electricity to another object. Ø Reactivity: The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements and compounds.

Physical Properties of Metals Ø Corrosion: The gradual wearing away of a metal element due to a chemical reaction. ** Remember – Reactivity of metals DECREASE as you move from LEFT to RIGHT on the periodic table **

Nonmetals Nonmetal: An element that lacks most of the properties of a metal. • Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.

Physical Properties of Nonmetals: Ø Dull Ø Brittle Ø Low Density Ø Poor Conductors Ø Good Insulators

Physical Properties of Nonmetals Ø Dull: Not shiny. Ø Brittle: Not malleable or ductile.

Physical Properties of Nonmetals Ø Nonmetals have lower densities than metals. Ø Nonmetals are poor conductors of electricity and heat, therefor they are good insulators.

Metalloids: Have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals. Ø Metalloids are all solid at room temperature. Ø Metalloids boarder between metals and nonmetals.

Metalloids Ø Brittle, hard and somewhat reactive Ø Ability to conduct electricity varies Semiconductors: Substance that CAN conduct electricity under some conditions but NOT under other conditions. Ex. Computer Chips, Transistors, Lasers

Noble Gases: Elements located in Group 18. • Nobel gases are unreactive and do not bond with other atoms. • All Nobel Gases have complete outer energy levels.