The Perfect Passive The old man accused the
- Slides: 6
The Perfect Passive The old man accused the thief This is a sentence with an active verb in the perfect tense. How can you change it to make the verb passive? The thief was accused by the old man The thief has been accused by the old man How would you translate both sentences in to Latin? senex furem accusavit fur a sene accusatus est In the second sentence the verb is in the perfect passive tense
The Formation of the Perfect Passive The perfect passive is formed by two verbs: 1. The past participle of the verb: accusare > accusatus 2. The present tense of the verb esse (to be): sum es est sumus estis sunt The forms, therefore, are as follows: singular portatus sum portatus est plural portati sumus portati estis portati sunt
The Formation of the Perfect Passive Remember that the past participle behaves like and adjective and agrees with the subject: She was carried He was carried The slave girls were carried The slaves were carried portata est portatus est ancillae portatae sunt servi portati sunt The perfect passive can be translated in 2 ways in English: She was carried portata est She has been carried
Translations arcus ab Imperatore dedicatus est The arch was dedicated by the emperor multi nuntii ad urbem missi sunt Many messengers were sent to the city dux hostium a militibus captus est The leader of the enemy was captured by the soldiers cur ad villam non invitati estis? Why have you not been invited to the house? a Salvio deceptus sum I was deceived by Salvius No reward has been sent by the citizens nullum praemium a civibus missum est
The Formation of the Pluperfect Passive The pluperfect passive is formed by two verbs: 1. The past participle of the verb: accusare > accusatus 2. The imperfect tense of esse: eram eras erat eramus eratis erant The forms, therefore, are as follows: singular portatus eram portatus eras portatus erat plural portati eramus portati eratis portati erant
Translations Simon a matre servtus erat Simon had been saved by his mother custodes circum carcerem positi erant The guards had been placed around the prison diligenter laborare iussi eratis You had been ordered to work diligently a militibus Romanis superati eramus We had been overcome by the Romans I had been deceived by Salvius a Salvio deceptus eram No reward had been sent by the citizens nullum praemium a civibus missum erat
