The Perfect Active System Perfect PluperfectPast Perfect Future

The Perfect Active System Perfect, Pluperfect/Past Perfect, Future Perfect

Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. duco ducere duxi ductus The perfect stem is the third principal part – i. duxi -i = dux

“I” Surgery!!!!

Perfect Active Tense The perfect active tense = Perfect Stem + Perfect Active Endings Singular 1 st Person 2 nd Person 3 rd Person Plural -i I -imus we -isti you -istis You/y’all -it he, she, it -erunt they Perfect Active Endings

First Person dux i I led I have led I did lead duximus Second Person Third Person dux isti dux it You led You have led You did lead He led He has led He did lead Perfect Active dux istis dux erunt We led We have led We did lead You led You have led You did lead They led They have led They did lead

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Personal Endings dux era m I had led dux era s duxera t You had led He had led duxeramus We had led dux era tis You had led duxerant They had led

Past Perfect/Pluperfect Tense -ERA-ERA-

E. Rat HAD the flu last winter. E.

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Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Personal Endings Future Perfect Active duxer o duxeri s duxeri t I will have led You will have led He will have led dux eri mus We will have led duxeri tis You will have led duxeri nt They will have led

Future Perfect. Tense -ERI-ERO

Your Turn! • On a sheet of paper, write the perfect, pluperfect, and future perfect active charts for: – retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus: keep

Your Turn! • On the same sheet of paper, write the present, imperfect, and future active charts for: – retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus: keep

Synopsis • A synopsis is a method to demonstrate your knowledge of verbs without having to write all 6 charts. • A synopsis shows all 6 tenses of a verb in just ONE person and number. • For ex: 1 st person singular, 3 rd person plural, etc.

Sample Synopsis amo, amare, amavi, amatus: love 3 rd person singular • • • Present: AMAT---he/she/it loves Imperfect: AMABAT---h/s/i was loving Future: AMABIT---h/s/i will love Perfect: AMAVIT---h/s/i loved (has loved) Pluperfect: AMAVERAT---h/s/i had loved Future Perfect: AMAVERIT---h/s/i will have loved

Your Turn! • Give the 1 st person plural synopsis using your charts for “retineo, retinēre, retinui, retentus. ” • Now try 2 nd person plural for: – ceno, cenare, cenavi, cenatus: to eat dinner