The Peering Simulation Game William B Norton 11
The Peering Simulation Game William B. Norton 11 -12 August 2010 Nairobi, Kenya Sarova Panafric Hotel Nairobi African Peering and Interconnection Forum: Unlocking Africa’s Regional Interconnection
Internet Researcher • • 90% externally focused Many documents on Protocols Lack of Operations documents Research: Peering – How does Peering work? – What are the definitions? – What are the “Tricks of the Trade? ” White paper process. .
Community Operations Research 1. “Ground Truth” w/dozens of experts 2. Write White Paper v 0. 1 3. Walk community through WP for comments 4. Revise White Paper into new version 5. Present White Paper at conferences 6. Solicit comments over lunches and dinners White papers so far…
Internet Operations White Papers 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) “Interconnection Strategies for ISPs” “Internet Service Providers and Peering” “A Business Case for Peering” “The Art of Peering: The Peering Playbook” “The Peering Simulation Game” “Do ATM-based Internet Exchanges Make Sense Anymore? ” 7) “Evolution of the U. S. Peering Ecosystem” 8) “Asia Pacific Peering Guidebook” 9) “A Business Case for Peering in 2004” Freely available. See Web site or send e-mail to wbn@equinix. com Or Google for “William B. Norton”
Where did the Peering Simulation Game come from? • Conversations: 200 ISP Peering Coordinators • Research Paper: “Internet Service Providers and Peering” Today: 1) Definitions of the trade 2) Summary Findings from Research 3) Live the Life: Peering Simulator No Internet Preso is complete without…
Internet Statistics • 87. 5% of all Internet statistics are made up Made Up Real Source: I made it up
3 minute Intro to Peering Transit $$ ISP A Peering provides routes only to each others customers Upstream Transit Provider ISP B Transit $$ 1) Transit can costs big bucks. (But it is a convenient plug in the wall that says “Internet this way”) 2) Peering costs little and reduces transit costs. 3) Q: Who to peer with? How to justify Peering costs?
Definitions of Peering and Transit Def: Peering is the business relationship whereby ISPs reciprocally announce reachability to each others’ transit customers. Peering West. Net USNet East. Net Routing Table • (Note: Peering is a Non-Transitive Relationship) vs. Def: Transit is the business relationship whereby one ISP sells access to all destinations in its routing table.
The Players • Internet Service Provider A – Peering Coordinator • Internet Service Provider B – Peering Coordinator • Internet Service Provider C – Peering Coordinator • Internet Service Provider D – Peering Coordinator
3 Helpers • Transit Provider X: • Transit Provider Y: • Exchange Point Operator:
Transit Provider X A The Peering Game B IXN X X IXW Y IXE Y IXS C Transit Provider Y D
3 Rules 1. Goal: Maximize bank holdings. Make money by acquiring customers and reduce transit costs by peering 2. Play: Roll the dice and expand your network by selecting that many adjacent “squares” of customers Gain transit revenue of $2000 for each customer square you own Pay transit fees of $1000 for each square of traffic that other ISPs own 3. If at Exchange Point, two ISPs can negotiate peering: – – $2000 recurring cost and loss of 2 turns, ISPs negotiates who covers the costs of peering Peering ISPs do not have to pay transit for each others squares starting the next turn Quick round…
Transit Provider X A A A B IXN A X IXW Y A rolls 5, Wants to peer w/B – moves to IXN Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000) Pays Transit on others squares (3*$1000) $12, 000 - $3, 000 = $9, 000 X IXE Y IXS C Transit Provider Y D
Transit Provider X A A A B IXN A B B B X IXW Y rolls 5, 3, ABrolls Pays Transit on others to squares Going IXE(3*$1000) Receivesrevenueonon 6 4 squares(6*$2000) (4*$2000) $12, 000 on- others $3, 000 squares = $9, 000 Pays Transit (8*$1000) $8, 000 - $8, 000 = $0 X IXE Y IXS C Transit Provider Y D
Transit Provider X A A A B IXN A B B B ABrolls 5, 3, 6, Crolls Pays Transit. Can on others squares (3*$1000) get to IXE Can get to IXW, likes IXS X IXW YC C Receives revenue on 6 squares Pays Transit on others squares(6*$2000) (8*$1000) Receives revenue on 7 squares (7*$2000) $12, 000 - $3, 000 = $9, 000(4*$2000) Receives revenue on 4 squares Pays Transit on others squares (11*$1000) $8, 000 - $8, 000 = $0 $14, 000 - $11, 000 = $3, 000 C C C X IXE Y IXS C Transit Provider Y C D
Transit Provider X A A A B IXN A B B B ABrolls 5, 3, 6, Crolls D squares rolls 1, (3*$1000) Pays Transit. Can on others get to IXE Canentrant get IXW, IXS Receives revenue on to 6 squares Pays Transit on others squares(6*$2000) (8*$1000) Late heading to IXE Pays Transit on others squares (11*$1000) X IXW YC C $12, 000 - $3, 000 =2$9, 000 Receives revenue on 4 onsquares (4*$2000) Receives revenue squares (2*$2000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (7*$2000) $8, 000 squares = $0 (17*$1000) Pays Transit on-others $14, 000 - $11, 000 = $3, 000 $4, 000 - $17, 000 = -$13, 000 C C C IXS C Transit Provider Y C X IXE Y D D
Scoreboard after Round 1 • • ISP A: $9, 000 ISP B: $0 ISPC: $3, 000 ISPD: -$13, 000 • On to Round 2
Transit Provider X A A A B IXN A B B A XA IXW YC C 3, 6, 3, ABrolls A 5, rolls Crolls X D rolls 1, Pays Transit. Can on others squares (3*$1000) gettoto. IXW, IXE Attaches to(6*$2000) IXW Can get IXS IXE Receives revenue on 6 squares Pays Receives Transit onrevenue others heading squares (8*$1000) Late entrant to IXE 9 squares (9*$2000) Pays $12, 000 Transit on otherson squares (11*$1000) Y $3, 000 = $9, 000 Receives revenue on 4 squares (4*$2000) Pays Transit on others squares (17*$1000) C C C Pays Transit on on others squares (13*$1000) Receives revenue 4 squares (7*$2000) $8, 000 = $0 Receives$18, 000 revenue-on 4 squares (2*$2000) $13, 000 = $5, 000 $14, 000 - $11, 000 = $3, 000 $2, 000 - $17, 000 = -$15, 000 Wants to peer with C – split costs? YES: -$1, 000 + both lose a turn Neither has to pay transit to each other! D C D IXS C Transit Provider Y C
Transit Provider X A Position B A A squares A A A B B B 9 Revenue IXN A 1 lost turn B Peering w/C B A cost $8000/turn reduced B A 3, 6, 2, 6, ABrolls AB 5, rolls Crolls XA XB D rolls 1, Pays Transit. Can on. Attaches others squares (3*$1000) gettoto. IXW, IXE toto. IXE*IXN Attaches IXW Can get IXS IXW IXE Receives revenue on 6 squares (6*$2000) Pays Transit on others squares (8*$1000) Late entrant heading to IXE Receives revenue on 10 squares (10*$2000) Transit on others squares (13*$1000) Pays $12, 000 Transit on others squares (11*$1000) Y $3, 000 = $9, 000 Receives revenue 4 others squares (4*$2000) YC Pays Transit on on others squares (17*$1000) Pays Transit on (21*$1000) Receives revenue on 8 squares (8*$2000) Receives revenue on 4 squares (7*$2000) $8, 000 - $8, 000 = $0==$3, 000 Receives revenue 4 squares (2*$2000) $20, 000 -$13, 000 $21, 000 -$1, 000 $16, 000 -on $14, 000 $11, 000 = $3, 000 C $2, 000 to-peer $17, 000 Wants with =C-$15, 000 – split costs? Wants peer with – split costs? YES: to -$1, 000 both. Alose a turn NO: to. You off, other Neither has pay pissed transit me to each Yes: if $0 & B lose both turns Both walk away IXS C C Transit Provider Y C C D D
Let’s play! WELCOME TO BILLAND 4 ISPs that have never played before Open Board $35, 000 VC Funding $25, 000 VC Funding 1¥ = $1000 We want to hear your thought process and peering negotiations Winner - prize WINNER: At 5: 25? PM we will stop and assume that every roll was a “ 3” from that point on out to 12 rounds. .
Play the Peering Simulation Game…
Top 5 Reasons NOT to Peer
Top 5 Reasons not to Peer 1) Already get Traffic for “free” (through existing peering relationships) Yahoo! Transit $$$ Transit ISP EXODUS Peering $ AOL
Top 5 Reasons not to Peer 2) Not True Peers • Traffic inequity Huge investment in Int’s circuits, 100’s of routers and colo sites, Staff installs, peering negotiations, Millions of customers, etc. Large Global Network Provider • • • Scale inequity Not even investments in infrastructure Form: “I don’t want to haul your traffic around the globe” Small Regional Player
Top 5 Reasons Not to Peer 3) Lack of Technical Competence Troubleshooting network problems takes longer when the other ISP NOC and engineers lack the technical expertise during an outage…
Top 5 Reasons Not to Peer 4) Transit Sales Preferred • We rather sell you transit…“Let me introduce you to our sales guys”
Top 5 Reasons Not to Peer 5) BGP is Tough “BGP? No Expertise No measurements No Justification to hire experts BGP? ” Simple Conceptual Hurdle Primary Backup Transit Conceptual Hurdle Complex Backup Primary Transit 6: personality
Top 5 Reasons Not To Peer 5+ Personality Clashes: They don’t understand each other and they didn’t like the interaction So Peering sounds easy?
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