The parts of a computer Central processing unit

The parts of a computer Central processing unit (CPU) Visual display unit/VDU/Monitor Disk drive Hard disk (Backing store) Speakers Microphone Keyboard Mouse mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Hardware & Software Hardware Physical Component of a Computer We can touch these parts Allow user to enter data and information into computer and retrieve Can not perform any task without Software If problem occur in hardware then it will repaired. Software Logical Component of a Computer We can not touch These are in form of instructions that tell the computer that what to do It can not executed without hardware. If any problem in software then it will reinstall. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Hardware The motherboard is the main electronic component of the computer n Circuit board The microprocessor is one of the most important pieces of processing hardware on the motherboard Cards are removable circuit boards mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Computer components Logical units of a computer n n n Input unit Output unit Memory unit Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Central processing unit (CPU) Secondary storage unit mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

The Central Processing Unit Output devices Control unit Arithmetic & logic unit Central Processing Unit Input devices Data signals Immediate access store Backing store mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(0333 Control signals 4461420)

Working CPU Unit Input Unit ALU & Logical Unit Control Unit Ram / Rom mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)Devices Storage Output Unit

Input & Output The data or instructions you type into the computer are called input The result of the computer processing your input is referred to as output Peripheral devices accomplish input and output functions mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Input Device You use an input device, such as a keyboard or a mouse, to input data and issue commands n Keyboard Ergonomic n Pointing device Controls the pointer Mouse n Scroll wheel Trackball Touch pad Pointing stick n Scanner mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Output Devices Output devices show you the results of processing data n Monitor Flat panel LCD CRT n Printer Laser Inkjet Dot matrix mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Memory Units Random Access Memory ( RAM ) Read Only Memory ( ROM ) mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Backing Storage Which consists of the disk drivers used to store data when the power is switched off. Magnetic media n n n Hard disk Tape Floppy disk Optical storage device n n n CD DVD CD-RW CD-ROM mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Brain of Computer Central Processing Unit CPU Control Unit Arithmetic Unit mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) Logical unit

Control Unit Responsible for coordinating the input and output Devices. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Arithmetic In which all the calculations are Involve. Addition Subtraction Multiplications Divisions Modulus mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Logical unit It contains the logical decisions And operations Or Operations Not operations mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Why use Computer? Advantages Computers are extremely fast Computers are very accurate Computers can keep large amount of information in a small space Computers can work continuously for 24 hours a day. Computers can do some jobs that would be impossible without them. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Drawbacks Computers can replace people Computers holds personal information which may be misused. Problems arise when computers cannot be used. Staff need to be trained mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Signal That pass between the main processor and the other hardware. Control Signal : include signals sent out by the main processor and the other hardware. Data Signals: These are the groups of binary digits that are used to represent characters. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Types of computers by Size Micro computers Mainframe Computers Super Computers Mini Computers Embedded Computers mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Micro Computers Are the computers that you are most likely to encounter at home or in school and colleges. It consist of one or more input device , output device, memory and processor. Examples PCs Apples mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Types of Micro Computers Desktop Computers Laptop and notebook Computers Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) Palmtop Computers mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Mainframe computers Thousands of terminals attached to it. Larger mainframe computers carry out 250 million instructions per second. It Consist of multiple processors. Used large organizations such as banks, insurance companies, airlines and government department. Disadvantage: Due to immense power they produce large amount of heat so its require air conditioned. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Examples IBM 43810 NEC 610 DEC 10 etc mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Supercomputers Largest category of computer, costing millions of pounds. It is complex , large storage and advanced computers. They are mostly used by scientific and industrial research departments. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Uses NASA Weather centre Stock Exchange Weapon design Mapping the surface of planets. Studying the neural network of brain Preparing models of chemical systems. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Examples CRAY-XP ETA-10 Blue sky ASCI White mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Mini computers Have a size , power and cost somewhere between those of microcomputers and mainframes. It is much powerful then some of the mainframes still in use. It is used by business institutes and departments. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Examples Vax-8800 MV-1500 mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Embedded Computers or Microprocessors Is a single chip that perform the functions of a central processing unit Many microprocessors makes are Microcontrollers also called embedded. Embedded computers serve as the brain of a larger piece of machine. Their software is stored in the computer’s own. They serve as a personal computer but not have a monitor, keyboard and mouse mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Uses Microwaves programmable ovens Blood pressure monitors Air bag sensors Washing machines Video recorders Alarms Digital cameras MP 3 players Car engine Controllers mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Types of Computer by shape Types Analog Digital mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420) Hybrid

Analog computers It provides continuous value It represents physical quantities in the form of waves It has no state It has low memory It is difficult to use It is used in engineering and science mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Examples Thermometer Analog Clocks Speed of the car Petrol Stations mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Digital computers It provides us discrete values It represent physical values with help of symbols or numbers It has two states ON and OFF It has big memory These are easy to use It is used in all field of life mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Examples Digital clocks Calculators Laptop computers Score board mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Hybrid Computers These are combination of analog and digital computers Some part of processing is done in digital and some part is done in analog. The measurement may then be converted into numbers and display in digital form. mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)

Examples Patient Heart function Temperature Blood pressure mazharjaved 2001@yahoo. com(03334461420)