The Participation challenge Different forms of participation Cost

The Participation challenge § Different forms of participation § Cost implication of participation § How to build broad participation § Incentives for participation/disincentives Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

The Participation challenge • Closely linked with the architecture of the climate regime • . . . and technology • . . . And the level of ambition!

Participation: Who? When? How? What? Who? How? When? What? How much Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

Participation: How? § absolute caps § emissions intensity target § project mechanisms § other? §Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

Participation: When? § Immediately (2013 - ) § Later § Gradual § top-down / bottom-up §Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

Participation: Who? § “Global participation” § “Major emitters” § “Industrialised countries” (with/without US) § “Coalition of the willing” § “EU alone” Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

Participation: Why? § Global public good – free riding § Incentives and/or sanctions § Improved CDM and/or trading § Role of financial institutions § Ancillary benefits § Technology co-operation & transfer §Post-2012 Climate policy for the EU – Stakeholder meeting 22 November 2004

Messages • EU credibility – implementation • EU leadership • US • Fast-growing emerging economies