The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire The Ottoman
The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
The Ottoman Empire
Turks Move Into Byzantium • Many Anatolian Turks were ghazis- warriors for Islam • Osman – Followers called Ottomans – Built Muslim state in – Modernized warfare to continue Anatolia allows them to expand
The Ottomans • Replaced archers with musket-carrying foot soldiers • Used cannons in war
The Ottomans • Osman’s son, Orhan I takes over – Declares himself sultanoverlord, one with power – 1361 - capture Adrianople- 2 nd most important city in Byzantine Empire
Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion • Murad II takes over– Defeated Venetians, invaded Hungary, crushed Italian crusaders
Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion • Mehmed II (Mehmed Conqueror)- the – Wants Constantinoplecontrolled the Bosporus Strait- controls access from Asia to Balkans – Used 26 foot guns firing 1200 pound boulders – Dragged greased ships over hills into the harbor to attack
Powerful Sultans Spur Expansion • Mehmed II takes over Constantinople – Opens it to people of all backgrounds and religions – City is rebuilt and is now called Istanbul
Ottomans Take Islam’s Holy Cities • Selim the Grim– 1514 - takes Mecca, Medina and Cairo
Suleyman the Lawgiver • Known in West as Suleyman the • Captures Belgrade, Rhodes, eastern Mediterranean and invades Austria • Waged war on Europe, North Central Asia • Becomes the most powerful monarch in the world Magnificent dominated the Africa and
Suleyman the Lawgiver • Devshirme- sultan’s army drafted boys from people they conquered • Janissaries- elite force of 30, 000 who were loyal to the sultan only
Suleyman the Lawgiver • Structuring society– Creates laws for criminal and civil actions – Simplified and limited taxes – Limited government bureaucracy – In accordance with Islamic law- allowed freedom to worship to other religious groups
Suleyman the Lawgiver • Art and literature flourish under him – Loved to study poetry, history, geography, astronomy, math and architecture – Builds Mosque of Suleyman – Similar to the European Renaissance
The Empire Slowly Declines • Suleyman killed his ablest son, drove another into exile and left his empire to Selim II – Selim II is incompetent • Sets stage for future sultans – Had brothers strangled – Kept sons prisoner, cutting them off from education or contact with the world
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