The Ottoman Empire Crest of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire Crest of the Ottoman Empire

Ottoman Government SULTAN Grand Vizier Divan of Pashas (Cabinet of top ministers) Heads of Individual Religious Millets Regional Governors (Beys) Local Administrators & Military Landowners / Tax Collectors Jews Muslims Christians

Sultan n n Ruled for life Absolute power Divine-right ruler Claims to be caliph = leader of Islam

Sultan Lives in Topkapi Palace (1450 s-1850 s) n harem: section of Topkapi Palace where sultan lives AND name of group of women who serve as sultan’s concubines n

Sultan Protected by loyal soldiers called the janissary n Janissary: recruited from Christian home converted to Islam trained to become soldiers and government ministers n

Suleyman I “The Magnificent” (1520 -1566) n n Led OE to strongest point Rules for 46 years

Suleyman I “The Conqueror” n n Doubles size of OE Farthest push into Europe by OE - adding parts of Hungary and Austria Adds more of Middle East - gaining parts of Persia and Arabia Extends OE into northern Africa

Suleyman I “The Lawgiver” n n n Reconstructed Ottoman system of law Creates unified code of law for entire OE Bases law on Koran and ideals of Islam

Suleyman I “The Artist” n Culturally enriches OE n Promotes construction of mosques, monuments, schools, etc n Sinan = Suleyman’s chief architect and engineer; designs hundreds of buildings…

Suleymanyie Mosque • Constructed 1558 • 2 nd largest mosque in Istanbul

Selimiye Mosque n n Built 1575 Located in Edirne

Suleyman I “Suleyman the Wise” Organizes meritocracy - appoints ministers based on talent, not birth eg: Ibrahim Pasha (slave who becomes grand vizier) Hayreddin Barbarossa (naval commander) n

Suleyman I “Suleyman the tolerant” Does not force non. Muslims to convert to Islam n Allows non-Muslims to freely worship in millets n Millets: Non-Muslim communities were loyal to sultan but were ruled by own religious leaders Included: Jews, Armenians, Orthodox Christians, others n

Suleyman I “Suleyman the Crazy” n Executes best friend Ibrahim Pasha n Executes son Mustapha n Supports son Selim II as successor n Too influenced by his wife, Roxalana?