The Origins of Humans Hominid Development Scientists to

Scientists to Know!!! I. Archeologists – Artifacts II. Anthropologists – Culture III. Paleontologists –

Discussion Question • How do these scientists work together to help us understand more

Prehistory I. What is Prehistory? ? ? II. Two Ages A. Paleolithic Age (2.

Early Life of Hominids I. Dependent on physical geography A. Vegetation B. Fresh water

Hominid footprints from 3. 6 million years ago

"Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus afarensis, about 2. 6 million years ago.

Australopithecines I. 4 to 1 million BCE II. Bipedal III. Opposable Thumbs A. What

Homo Habilis I. 2. 5 to 1. 5 million BCE II. Handy Man –

Homo Erectus I. 1. 8 million to 200, 000 BCE II. Upright Man –

Homo Sapiens I. Wise Man A. Homo means Man, Sapiens means Wise B. Three

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis I. 200, 000 to 30, 000 BCE II. Neanderthal Man –

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis V. Sense of Community A. Hunt in Organized Groups B. Burial

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon I. 40, 000 to 8000 BCE II. Skeletons Identical III. Larger

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon C. Shelter (more permanent stone)

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon D. Art – WHERE? ? ? E. Language

Homo Sapiens I. 8000 BCE to present day II. Doubly Wise (Wise) Man III.

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) (2 million to 12000 BCE) I. II. More Advanced Humans

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) (2 million to 12000 BCE) CONT III. Migration A. Where?

Discussion Question • Discuss some advantages AND disadvantages of the lifestyle of Hunters/Gatherers?

Neolithic (New Stone Age) (10, 000 -4000 BCE) I. A. B. C. Agricultural Revolution

Discussion Question: • What were some of the benefits of the Neolithic Revolution for

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The Origins of Humans Hominid Development

Scientists to Know!!! I. Archeologists – Artifacts II. Anthropologists – Culture III. Paleontologists – – Fossils Carbon Dating

Archaeologists

Anthropologists

Culture

Paleontologists

Fossils

Discussion Question • How do these scientists work together to help us understand more about early humans?

Prehistory I. What is Prehistory? ? ? II. Two Ages A. Paleolithic Age (2. 5 million to 10, 000 BCE) 1. Hominids B. Neolithic Age (8000 to 3000 BCE) 1. Agriculture

Early Life of Hominids I. Dependent on physical geography A. Vegetation B. Fresh water II. Nomadic A. Why? ? ? III. Had to adapt A. Climate B. Changes in land C. Natural disasters

Human Evolution

More Like a Bush than a Tree

Archaeologist Mary Leaky

Hominid footprints from 3. 6 million years ago

Donald Johanson – “Lucy”

"Lucy" skeleton, Australopithecus afarensis, about 2. 6 million years ago.

Timeline Review

Australopithecines

Australopithecines I. 4 to 1 million BCE II. Bipedal III. Opposable Thumbs A. What does this allow them to do? ? ?

Homo Habilis

Homo Habilis I. 2. 5 to 1. 5 million BCE II. Handy Man – WHY? ? ? A. Stone Tools - Benefits? B. Living in Groups - Benefits?

Homo Habilis

Homo Erectus

Homo Erectus I. 1. 8 million to 200, 000 BCE II. Upright Man – WHY? ? ? A. Strong Bones B. Travel Further Distances – WHERE? ? ? C. Control Fire

Homo Erectus

Homo Sapiens I. Wise Man A. Homo means Man, Sapiens means Wise B. Three Main Types 1. 2. 3. Neanderthals Cro-Magnons Modern Man

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis I. 200, 000 to 30, 000 BCE II. Neanderthal Man – WHY? ? ? III. Larger Brains A. Skilled Toolmakers (knives, scrapers, spear points) IV. Strong Bodies A. Large Muscles B. Strong Bones C. Slanted Forehead

Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis V. Sense of Community A. Hunt in Organized Groups B. Burial Sites and Rituals C. Helped Injured

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon I. 40, 000 to 8000 BCE II. Skeletons Identical III. Larger Brain A. Clothing (needles to sew) B. Tools (hooks, spears throwing, carving tools)

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon C. Shelter (more permanent stone)

Homo Sapiens Cro-Magnon D. Art – WHERE? ? ? E. Language

Homo Sapiens I. 8000 BCE to present day II. Doubly Wise (Wise) Man III. Modern Man – YOU and I

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) (2 million to 12000 BCE) I. II. More Advanced Humans Hunters/Gatherers Where do we find these? ? ? What do they tell us? ? ?

Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) (2 million to 12000 BCE) CONT III. Migration A. Where? ? ? IV. 14, 000 years ago (approx. 12, 000 BCE) end of last GREAT ice age V. More movement

Discussion Question • Discuss some advantages AND disadvantages of the lifestyle of Hunters/Gatherers?

Neolithic (New Stone Age) (10, 000 -4000 BCE) I. A. B. C. Agricultural Revolution 1. Invention of agriculture and domestication of animals Slash and Burn Initially developed in the Middle East and independently arose in India, N. Africa, Americas, Asia and Europe Transformation took time

Discussion Question: • What were some of the benefits of the Neolithic Revolution for humans? What were some of the drawbacks? Would YOU have chosen to settle and begin farming?