The Origin of Humans Friendly Reminders Paired Ids

The Origin of Humans

Friendly Reminders • Paired Id’s due Friday ( type out) • Discussion Question due before Friday. – Answer my question – Ask a question – Post a question • Contract due Friday • Bring 3 Ring Binder with 7 Tabs

A. P World Journal #2 What is your opinion on the Origins of Man? Do you believe in evolution, creationism, or another theory? Respond in a paragraph. Be prepared to share.

Journal Take the following Hominids & put them in chronological order. Draw a picture of each one. • • • Homo Erectus Neanderthals Homo Habilis Cro Magnon Australopithecus

Answer Key • Australopithecus- “Southern Ape” 4 to 1 million years ago • Homo Habilis • Homo Erectus- "Upright Walking Man”, hunt, made tools, 2 million to -“ Man of Skills”, “Handy man” 1 st maker of stone tools, 2. 4 -1. 4 million years ago 200, 000 • Neanderthals- 200, 000 BCE – 40, 000 BCE • Cro Magnon - 40, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE

Name that Hominid

Name that Hominid Austrolopithecus

The First Humans Theories on prehistory and early man constantly change as new evidence comes to light. - Louis Leakey, British archaeologist

Early Discoveries

Stages of Early Human Development Paleolithic Age ( Old Stone Age ) 2, 500, 000 BCE to 8, 000 BCE 1. 4, 000 BCE – 1, 000 BCE 2. 1, 500, 000 BCE -- 250, 000 BCE 3. 250, 000 BCE – 30, 000 BCE 4. 30, 000 BCE -- 10, 000 BCE

The Paleolithic Age ▪ ▪ ▪ “Paleolithic” --> “Old Stone” Age 2, 500, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE Made tools ▪ hunting (men) & gathering (women) --> small bands of 30 -50 humans ▪ NOMADIC (moving from place to place)

Stage 1 4, 000 BCE – 1, 000 BCE ▪ Hominids --> any member of the family of two-legged primates that includes all humans. ▪ Australopithecines An Apposable Thumb

Stage 1 ▪ HOMO HABILIS ( “Man of Skills” ) ▪ found in East Africa. ▪ created stone tools.

The Paleolithic Age ▪ ▪ Humans during this period found shelter in caves. Cave paintings left behind Purpose? ?

Homo Erectus “Upright Walking Man” • 2. 5 million-200, 000 years ago E. Africa • Larger and more varied tools • Migrated to Asia and Europe 200 k years ago

Differing Human Migration Theories Are we all Africans “under the skin”? ?

Stage 3 200, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE HOMO SAPIENS ( “Wise Human Being” ) Neanderthals Cro-Magnons ( 200, 000 BCE – 30, 000 BCE ) ( 40, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE )

Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: ▪ Neander Valley, Germany (1856) First humans to bury their dead. ▪ ▪ Made clothes from animal skins. ▪ Lived in caves and tents.

Stage 3 NEANDERTHALS: Early Hut/Tent

Stage 3 CRO-MAGNONs: ▪ ▪ Homo sapiens (“Wise, wise human” ) By 30, 000 BCE they replaced Neanderthals. WHY? ? ?

Venus Figurine • Goddess worship • Consistent cycle of life, birth, death

Homo sapiens in Europe

The Last Ice Age 70, 000 BCE – 10, 000 BCE

The Neolithic Revolution Aka Agricultural Revolution ▪ “Neolithic” --> “New Stone” Age ▪ Gradual shift from: Nomadic lifestyle --> settled, stationery lifestyle. Hunting/Gathering --> agricultural production and domestication of animals.

The Agricultural Revolution ▪ 8, 000 BCE – 5, 000 BCE ▪ Agriculture developed independently in different parts of the world. • SLASH-AND-BURN Farming Middle East 8, 000 BCE India Central America 7, 000 BCE 6, 500 BCE China Southeast Asia 6, 000 BCE 5, 000 BCE

Impact of the Neolithic Revolution • • Social classes emerge Specialization of labor Patriarchal societies developed Domestication of animals • John Greens Crash Course : )

The Agricultural Revolution Why do you think the development of agriculture occurred around the same time in several different places?

The Agricultural Revolution Why do some archaeologists believe that women were the first farmers?

Early Settled Communities Growing crops on a regular basis made possible the support of larger populations. ▪ ▪ More permanent, settled communities emerged. 9, 000 BCE --> Earliest Agricultural Settlement at JARMO ( northern Iraq ): wheat. ▪

Early Settled Communities 8, 000 BCE --> Largest Early Settlement at Çatal Hüyük ( Modern Turkey ) --> 6, 000 inhabitants ▪ ▪ 12 cultivated crops ▪ Division of labor ▪ Engaged in trade ▪ Organized religion ▪ Small military An obsidian dagger

Early Settled Communities Çatal Hüyük

The Agricultural Revolution What role did the food supply play in shaping the nomadic life of huntergatherers and the settled life of the farmers?

Category Social Class Roles of women Government Paleolithic Neolithic

Category Paleolithic Neolithic Age 8000 BCE 3000 BCE Social • lived in small nomadic groups • hunter & gatherer • 30 -50 people • constantly moving • Social structure • New agriculture • Domesticating animals • Food surplus • Settled farming • Growing population Social Class Everyone was relatively equal • Social classes emerge • Private property Roles of women • Gathered nuts, berries, twigschild bearing was limited • Had more children because of new farming • more domestic Government • Elders controlled the clan • Power organized based on age • Hierarchy • Military & religious leaders had authority

Why is the "Neolithic Revolution" a turning point in human history? ?

What is the next step in the development of human settlements? ?

CITIES ! CIVILIZATIONS !!

What are the characteristics of a civilization? ?

Advanced Cities CIVILIZATION Specialized Record- Workers Keeping Complex Institutions Advanced Technology